Gibibyte to Pebibyte Converter
Convert gibibytes to pebibytes with our free online data storage converter.
Quick Answer
1 Gibibyte = 9.536743e-7 pebibytes
Formula: Gibibyte × conversion factor = Pebibyte
Use the calculator below for instant, accurate conversions.
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Gibibyte to Pebibyte Calculator
How to Use the Gibibyte to Pebibyte Calculator:
- Enter the value you want to convert in the 'From' field (Gibibyte).
- The converted value in Pebibyte will appear automatically in the 'To' field.
- Use the dropdown menus to select different units within the Data Storage category.
- Click the swap button (⇌) to reverse the conversion direction.
How to Convert Gibibyte to Pebibyte: Step-by-Step Guide
Converting Gibibyte to Pebibyte involves multiplying the value by a specific conversion factor, as shown in the formula below.
Formula:
1 Gibibyte = 9.5367e-7 pebibytesExample Calculation:
Convert 10 gibibytes: 10 × 9.5367e-7 = 9.5367e-6 pebibytes
Common Conversion Scenarios:
- Data Archive: 512000 GiB archive takes up 0.4883 PiB.
Disclaimer: For Reference Only
These conversion results are provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, we make no guarantees regarding the precision of these results, especially for conversions involving extremely large or small numbers which may be subject to the inherent limitations of standard computer floating-point arithmetic.
Not for professional use. Results should be verified before use in any critical application. View our Terms of Service for more information.
Need to convert to other data storage units?
View all Data Storage conversions →What is a Gibibyte and a Pebibyte?
A gibibyte (symbol: GiB) is a unit of digital information storage equal to 2³⁰ bytes, which is exactly 1,073,741,824 bytes.
Binary Prefix System
The prefix "gibi-" comes from "giga binary" and represents 2³⁰ (1,024³):
Mathematical Expression:
1 GiB = 2³⁰ bytes
= 1,024³ bytes
= 1,024 × 1,024 × 1,024 bytes
= 1,073,741,824 bytes
Binary Progression:
- 1 byte = 8 bits
- 1 KiB (kibibyte) = 2¹⁰ bytes = 1,024 bytes
- 1 MiB (mebibyte) = 2²⁰ bytes = 1,024 KiB = 1,048,576 bytes
- 1 GiB (gibibyte) = 2³⁰ bytes = 1,024 MiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
- 1 TiB (tebibyte) = 2⁴⁰ bytes = 1,024 GiB = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
Why 1,024 (Powers of 2)?
Computers use binary (base-2) internally:
- Memory addresses organized in powers of 2 (2⁰, 2¹, 2², ..., 2³⁰, ...)
- 2¹⁰ = 1,024 ≈ 1,000 (close to decimal 1,000, leading to historical confusion)
- RAM chips manufactured in binary capacities: 1 GiB, 2 GiB, 4 GiB, 8 GiB, 16 GiB, 32 GiB
Result: Binary prefixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB) match how computers actually organize memory.
GiB vs. GB (The Critical Difference)
Gibibyte (GiB) – Binary (IEC standard):
- 1 GiB = 2³⁰ bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
- Used for: RAM, Windows file sizes, Linux file systems, technical specs
Gigabyte (GB) – Decimal (SI standard):
- 1 GB = 10⁹ bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes
- Used for: Hard drive marketing, network speeds, macOS (since 2009)
Conversion:
- 1 GiB = 1.073741824 GB (approximately 1.074 GB)
- 1 GB = 0.931322575 GiB (approximately 0.931 GiB)
- Difference: 7.37% (GiB is larger)
Example:
- "500 GB" hard drive (decimal) = 500,000,000,000 bytes
- Windows shows: 500 billion ÷ 1,073,741,824 = 465.66 GiB
- This is NOT a missing ~35 GB, just different units!
A pebibyte (PiB) is a unit of digital information storage equal to 250 bytes, which is exactly 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes (or 10245 bytes). It uses the binary prefix 'pebi-' established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The pebibyte was created to provide an unambiguous measurement for byte multiples based on powers of 2, distinguishing it from the petabyte (PB), which is based on the decimal prefix 'peta-' (1015 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes).
Note: The Gibibyte is part of the imperial/US customary system, primarily used in the US, UK, and Canada for everyday measurements. The Pebibyte belongs to the imperial/US customary system.
History of the Gibibyte and Pebibyte
The gibibyte's creation addresses one of computing's most persistent measurement confusions.
Early Computing: Informal Binary Usage (1950s-1980s)
The Problem: Early computer scientists needed convenient names for memory sizes based on powers of 2.
Informal Convention (1950s-1970s):
- "kilobyte" (KB) informally meant 2¹⁰ = 1,024 bytes (not 1,000)
- Seemed reasonable: 1,024 ≈ 1,000, close enough for convenience
- No official standard, just common practice
Why This Worked Initially:
- Memory sizes were small (kilobytes, megabytes)
- 2.4% error (1,024 vs. 1,000) seemed negligible
- No significant commercial ambiguity
Growing Confusion (1980s-1990s)
Megabyte Era: As storage reached megabytes (1980s), ambiguity grew:
- Hard drive manufacturers: Marketed using decimal MB (1 MB = 1,000,000 bytes) for larger-sounding capacities
- Operating systems (Windows, DOS): Used binary MB (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes) internally
- Consumers noticed: "20 MB" drive showed as ~19 MB in system
Example:
- 100 MB drive (manufacturer decimal) = 100,000,000 bytes
- Windows (binary): 100,000,000 ÷ 1,048,576 = 95.37 MB displayed
- Missing 4.63 MB? No, just different definitions!
Gigabyte Confusion Peak (1990s-2000s)
The Crisis: By the 1990s-2000s, as gigabyte storage became standard:
- Manufacturers: 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes (decimal, larger marketing number)
- Operating Systems: 1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes (binary, how systems work)
- Consumers: Increasingly confused and frustrated
Real-World Impact:
- "500 GB" hard drive shows as "465 GB" in Windows
- (~35 GB "missing" = 500 billion bytes ÷ 1,073,741,824)
- Lawsuits filed against manufacturers for "false advertising"
- Technical journalists debated which definition was "correct"
IEC Binary Prefixes (1998)
Solution: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
IEC 60027-2 Amendment 2 (December 1998): Introduced binary prefixes to eliminate ambiguity:
Binary Prefixes (IEC standard):
- kibi- (Ki) = 2¹⁰ = 1,024
- mebi- (Mi) = 2²⁰ = 1,048,576
- gibi- (Gi) = 2³⁰ = 1,073,741,824
- tebi- (Ti) = 2⁴⁰ = 1,099,511,627,776
- pebi- (Pi) = 2⁵⁰ = 1,125,899,906,842,624
- exbi- (Ei) = 2⁶⁰ = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976
Naming Logic:
- kibi = kilo + binary
- mebi = mega + binary
- gibi = giga + binary
- tebi = tera + binary
Adoption and Standardization (2000s-Present)
Standards Bodies Endorsements:
- IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): Adopted 2005
- ISO/IEC 80000-13:2008: International standard for quantities and units
- NIST (US National Institute of Standards and Technology): Endorsed 2008
Operating System Adoption:
Linux:
- Many distributions use GiB for file sizes and memory (
free -h,df -h) - GNOME, KDE desktop environments display GiB
- Gradually adopted from early 2000s onward
Windows:
- Internally uses binary gigabytes (GiB) but displays as "GB"
- Has not adopted GiB notation in user interface
- Shows binary values: "500 GB drive" → displayed "465 GB" (actually 465 GiB)
macOS:
- Mac OS X 10.5 and earlier: Binary gigabytes (like Windows)
- Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (2009): Switched to decimal GB (10⁹ bytes)
- "500 GB drive" now shows as "500 GB" in macOS (decimal, matching marketing)
Hard Drive Industry:
- Continues decimal GB (10⁹) for marketing (larger numbers)
- Now explicitly states on packaging: "1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes"
RAM Industry:
- Exclusively binary: 4 GiB, 8 GiB, 16 GiB, 32 GiB, 64 GiB modules
- RAM manufacturers always used binary capacities (impossible to make 10 GiB RAM chips)
Current Status (2020s)
Where GiB is Standard:
- RAM specifications (DDR4, DDR5 modules)
- Technical documentation (JEDEC standards)
- Scientific computing and data centers
- Many Linux distributions
- Programming and software development
Where GB (Ambiguous) Persists:
- Consumer hard drives/SSD marketing (decimal GB)
- Windows UI (binary values, but labeled "GB")
- Network speeds (decimal, bits per second)
- Cloud storage providers (varies: Google Drive uses decimal GB, others vary)
The Confusion Continues: Despite IEC standardization, consumer confusion remains. Many users don't know GiB exists or understand GiB vs. GB distinction.
The prefix 'pebi-' (representing 250) was defined by the IEC in 1998 alongside other binary prefixes (kibi-, mebi-, gibi-, tebi-, exbi-). Before this standard, the SI prefix 'peta-' (P) was ambiguously used to represent both 1,000,000,000,000,000 (1015, as per its SI definition) and 1,125,899,906,842,624 (250) in computing contexts, especially for very large data volumes. This led to significant confusion when comparing storage capacities advertised by manufacturers (often using decimal prefixes) and those reported by operating systems or used in technical specifications (often using binary interpretations). The introduction of the pebibyte (PiB) aimed to resolve this ambiguity by providing a specific term for 250 bytes.
Common Uses and Applications: gibibytes vs pebibytes
Explore the typical applications for both Gibibyte (imperial/US) and Pebibyte (imperial/US) to understand their common contexts.
Common Uses for gibibytes
RAM (Memory) Specifications
Primary Use Case: RAM is ALWAYS measured in binary (GiB):
Consumer RAM:
- Laptops: 4 GiB, 8 GiB, 16 GiB, 32 GiB
- Desktops: 8 GiB, 16 GiB, 32 GiB, 64 GiB, 128 GiB
- Workstations: 64 GiB, 128 GiB, 256 GiB, 512 GiB
- Servers: 256 GiB, 512 GiB, 1 TiB, 2 TiB, 4 TiB
Why GiB (not GB): RAM addressing is binary, making binary capacities the only physically possible option.
Operating System File Management
Windows:
- File sizes displayed in "GB" (actually GiB binary)
- Memory usage: Task Manager shows GiB as "GB"
- Disk space: Binary calculation, labeled "GB"
Linux:
df -h,free -h: Often display GiB explicitly- File managers (Nautilus, Dolphin): GiB for file sizes
- System monitors: GiB for RAM and swap
Precision Matters:
- System administrators use GiB for accurate capacity planning
- File size reporting needs binary precision for checksums and verification
Software Development and Databases
Memory Limits:
- 32-bit systems: Maximum 4 GiB RAM (2³² bytes, 4,294,967,296)
- 64-bit systems: Theoretical max 16 EiB (2⁶⁴ bytes, practically unlimited)
Database Configuration:
- Buffer pool size: 8 GiB, 16 GiB, 32 GiB (MySQL, PostgreSQL)
- Cache allocations: Binary sizes for efficiency
Programming:
- Memory allocation APIs: Specify bytes (often in GiB multiples)
- Performance optimization: Understanding binary vs. decimal for memory profiling
Virtualization and Containers
Virtual Machine Configuration:
- Hypervisors (VMware, VirtualBox, KVM): Memory in GiB
- Guest OS allocation: 2 GiB, 4 GiB, 8 GiB per VM
- Resource pools: Total memory in GiB across VMs
Docker/Kubernetes:
- Container memory limits: Specified in GiB or MiB
- Example:
memory: 2Giin Kubernetes (2 GiB)
Data Center and Enterprise Storage
Capacity Planning:
- Server RAM upgrades: Per-socket GiB calculations
- Storage arrays: TiB (binary) for actual usable capacity after RAID/formatting
- Backup sizing: Binary measurements for accurate space requirements
Network Infrastructure:
- SAN (Storage Area Network): Binary capacity reporting
- NAS (Network Attached Storage): Often binary (TiB) for actual space
When to Use pebibytes
Pebibytes are used in contexts dealing with extremely large amounts of data storage where precision based on powers of 2 is necessary:
- Measuring the capacity of very large-scale storage systems, data centers, and cloud storage infrastructure.
- Reporting file system sizes and disk space usage by operating systems for extremely large volumes, especially where IEC standards are followed.
- High-performance computing (HPC), large dataset analysis (Big Data), scientific research, and simulations involving massive data storage requirements.
- Technical specifications for enterprise-level storage hardware and software where exact binary multiples are crucial.
- Archiving and backup systems handling petabyte-scale data.
Additional Unit Information
About Gibibyte (GiB)
How many bytes are in a gibibyte?
Exactly 2³⁰ bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
Breakdown:
- 1 GiB = 1,024 MiB (mebibytes)
- 1 MiB = 1,024 KiB (kibibytes)
- 1 KiB = 1,024 bytes
- 1 GiB = 1,024 × 1,024 × 1,024 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
How many mebibytes (MiB) are in a gibibyte (GiB)?
Exactly 1,024 MiB in 1 GiB
Calculation:
- 1 GiB = 2³⁰ bytes
- 1 MiB = 2²⁰ bytes
- 2³⁰ ÷ 2²⁰ = 2¹⁰ = 1,024
Binary progression:
- 1 KiB = 1,024 bytes
- 1 MiB = 1,024 KiB
- 1 GiB = 1,024 MiB
- 1 TiB = 1,024 GiB
What is the difference between a gibibyte (GiB) and a gigabyte (GB)?
Gibibyte (GiB) – Binary (IEC standard):
- 1 GiB = 2³⁰ bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
- Used for RAM, Windows file sizes, technical specs
Gigabyte (GB) – Decimal (SI standard):
- 1 GB = 10⁹ bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes
- Used for hard drive marketing, network speeds
Difference:
- 1 GiB ≈ 1.074 GB (GiB is 7.37% larger)
- 1 GB ≈ 0.931 GiB
When to use which:
- GiB: RAM, Windows/Linux file systems, VM memory, technical precision
- GB: Hard drive/SSD marketing, macOS (post-2009), network speeds
Why does my "1 TB" hard drive show as 931 GB in Windows?
This is normal and NOT a defect!
Explanation:
- Manufacturer advertises: 1 TB (decimal) = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
- Windows calculates: 1 trillion bytes ÷ 1,073,741,824 (GiB) = 931.32 GiB
- Windows displays: "931 GB" (mislabeled; actually 931 GiB)
You're not missing storage:
- You have exactly 1 trillion bytes as advertised
- Windows uses binary (GiB) but labels it "GB"
- The ~7% "difference" is purely definitional (GiB vs. GB)
Additional reductions:
- File system overhead (formatting): 1-3% (NTFS, ext4, APFS)
- Final usable space: ~900-920 GiB typically
Why is RAM always in powers of 2 (4 GiB, 8 GiB, 16 GiB)?
Binary addressing makes non-binary RAM impossible:
Technical Reason:
- RAM uses binary address lines: 2⁰, 2¹, 2², ..., 2²⁹, 2³⁰
- Each address line doubles capacity
- 8 GiB RAM: Uses 33 address lines (2³³ bytes, 8 × 2³⁰)
- 16 GiB RAM: Uses 34 address lines (2³⁴ bytes, 16 × 2³⁰)
Cannot manufacture "10 GB" RAM:
- 10 billion bytes is not a power of 2
- Memory controllers can't address non-binary capacities
- Physically impossible with current technology
Result: All RAM comes in binary sizes (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 GiB), never decimal (10, 20, 50 GB).
Should I use GiB or GB when talking about RAM?
Use GiB (gibibyte) for RAM – it's technically correct:
RAM is inherently binary:
- 16 GiB RAM = 17,179,869,184 bytes (exactly)
- Saying "16 GB" is technically ambiguous (16 billion bytes? No.)
- GiB is precise and unambiguous
However, in practice:
- Consumer market says "16 GB RAM" (colloquially accepted, though imprecise)
- Technical documentation: Should use "16 GiB"
- RAM manufacturers: Often use "16 GB" in marketing, mean 16 GiB
Best practice:
- Technical contexts: Use GiB (e.g., "Server with 128 GiB RAM")
- Casual conversation: "GB" is understood to mean GiB for RAM (context makes it clear)
Does macOS use GiB or GB?
macOS uses decimal GB (10⁹ bytes) since Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (2009):
Before 10.6: Binary gigabytes (like Windows)
- "500 GB" drive showed as "465 GB" (binary, actually GiB)
10.6 Snow Leopard and later: Decimal gigabytes (10⁹)
- "500 GB" drive now shows as "500 GB" (decimal, matches marketing)
Result:
- macOS file sizes use decimal GB (1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes)
- Matches hard drive marketing claims
- Reduces consumer confusion (but differs from Windows)
Windows vs. macOS same file:
- 1,073,741,824 bytes (1 GiB exactly)
- Windows: Shows "1.00 GB" (actually 1 GiB, mislabeled)
- macOS: Shows "1.07 GB" (decimal GB, accurate)
How do I convert between GiB and TiB?
1 TiB (tebibyte) = 1,024 GiB
Formula:
- TiB = GiB ÷ 1,024
- GiB = TiB × 1,024
Examples:
- 512 GiB = 512 ÷ 1,024 = 0.5 TiB
- 1,024 GiB = 1 TiB (exactly)
- 2,048 GiB = 2 TiB
- 0.25 TiB = 0.25 × 1,024 = 256 GiB
Binary Progression:
- 1 KiB = 1,024 bytes
- 1 MiB = 1,024 KiB
- 1 GiB = 1,024 MiB
- 1 TiB = 1,024 GiB
- 1 PiB = 1,024 TiB
Why do hard drive manufacturers use decimal GB instead of binary GiB?
Marketing and Historical Reasons:
Larger Numbers Sell Better:
- 1 TB (decimal) = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
- 1 TiB (binary) = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
- Decimal TB is ~9% smaller, but consumers see "1 TB" as bigger than "931 GiB"
SI Convention:
- Gigabyte (GB) with decimal definition follows SI prefix system (giga = 10⁹)
- Scientifically consistent with kilograms, kilometers, gigawatts
Industry Standardization:
- Hard drive industry standardized on decimal GB in the 1980s-1990s
- Changing now would be disruptive and expensive
Legal Requirement:
- Manufacturers must now explicitly state: "1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes" on packaging
- This resolves false advertising concerns
About Pebibyte (PiB)
How many bytes are in a pebibyte (PiB)?
There are exactly 250 bytes in 1 pebibyte (PiB). This equals 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes.
How many tebibytes (TiB) are in a pebibyte (PiB)?
There are 1,024 tebibytes (TiB) in 1 pebibyte (PiB). This follows the binary prefix system where 1 PiB = 250 bytes and 1 TiB = 240 bytes, and 250 / 240 = 210 = 1,024.
What is the difference between a pebibyte (PiB) and a petabyte (PB)?
A pebibyte (PiB) represents 250 bytes (1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes), using the IEC binary prefix 'pebi-'. A petabyte (PB) typically represents 1015 bytes (1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes), using the SI decimal prefix 'peta-'. A pebibyte is approximately 12.6% larger than a petabyte (1 PiB ≈ 1.126 PB). Use PiB for precision in binary contexts (like large-scale OS reporting, HPC storage) and PB for decimal contexts (like marketing large storage systems) or when the specific definition is clarified.
What is the difference between a pebibyte (PiB) and a pebibit (Pib)?
A pebibyte (PiB) measures information in bytes, while a pebibit (Pib) measures information in bits. Assuming the standard 1 byte = 8 bits, 1 pebibyte (PiB) is equal to 8 pebibits (Pib). Both use the binary prefix 'pebi-' (250).
Why is PiB used less often than PB in marketing?
Marketing materials for large storage systems often use the decimal prefix (PB, EB) because it results in a larger-looking number for capacity compared to the binary prefix (PiB, EiB) for the same amount of physical storage. For example, 1015 bytes is marketed as 1 PB, while an OS might report a similar capacity using PiB (1 PB is approximately 0.888 PiB). Using decimal units allows manufacturers to advertise higher, rounder numbers, even though technical contexts often rely on binary measurements.
Conversion Table: Gibibyte to Pebibyte
| Gibibyte (GiB) | Pebibyte (PiB) |
|---|---|
| 0.5 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 |
| 1.5 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 |
| 50 | 0 |
| 100 | 0 |
| 250 | 0 |
| 500 | 0.001 |
| 1,000 | 0.001 |
People Also Ask
How do I convert Gibibyte to Pebibyte?
To convert Gibibyte to Pebibyte, enter the value in Gibibyte in the calculator above. The conversion will happen automatically. Use our free online converter for instant and accurate results. You can also visit our data storage converter page to convert between other units in this category.
Learn more →What is the conversion factor from Gibibyte to Pebibyte?
The conversion factor depends on the specific relationship between Gibibyte and Pebibyte. You can find the exact conversion formula and factor on this page. Our calculator handles all calculations automatically. See the conversion table above for common values.
Can I convert Pebibyte back to Gibibyte?
Yes! You can easily convert Pebibyte back to Gibibyte by using the swap button (⇌) in the calculator above, or by visiting our Pebibyte to Gibibyte converter page. You can also explore other data storage conversions on our category page.
Learn more →What are common uses for Gibibyte and Pebibyte?
Gibibyte and Pebibyte are both standard units used in data storage measurements. They are commonly used in various applications including engineering, construction, cooking, and scientific research. Browse our data storage converter for more conversion options.
For more data storage conversion questions, visit our FAQ page or explore our conversion guides.
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📚 How to Convert Units
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🔢 Conversion Formulas
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⚖️ Metric vs Imperial
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⚠️ Common Mistakes
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All Data Storage Conversions
Other Data Storage Units and Conversions
Explore other data storage units and their conversion options:
- Bit (b) • Gibibyte to Bit
- Byte (B) • Gibibyte to Byte
- Kilobit (kb) • Gibibyte to Kilobit
- Kilobyte (KB) • Gibibyte to Kilobyte
- Megabit (Mb) • Gibibyte to Megabit
- Megabyte (MB) • Gibibyte to Megabyte
- Gigabit (Gb) • Gibibyte to Gigabit
- Gigabyte (GB) • Gibibyte to Gigabyte
- Terabit (Tb) • Gibibyte to Terabit
- Terabyte (TB) • Gibibyte to Terabyte
Verified Against Authority Standards
All conversion formulas have been verified against international standards and authoritative sources to ensure maximum accuracy and reliability.
International Electrotechnical Commission — Binary prefixes for digital storage (KiB, MiB, GiB)
International Organization for Standardization — International standards for quantities and units
Last verified: December 3, 2025