Petabyte to Exabyte Converter
Convert petabytes to exabytes with our free online data storage converter.
Quick Answer
1 Petabyte = 0.001 exabytes
Formula: Petabyte × conversion factor = Exabyte
Use the calculator below for instant, accurate conversions.
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Petabyte to Exabyte Calculator
How to Use the Petabyte to Exabyte Calculator:
- Enter the value you want to convert in the 'From' field (Petabyte).
- The converted value in Exabyte will appear automatically in the 'To' field.
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- Click the swap button (⇌) to reverse the conversion direction.
How to Convert Petabyte to Exabyte: Step-by-Step Guide
Converting Petabyte to Exabyte involves multiplying the value by a specific conversion factor, as shown in the formula below.
Formula:
1 Petabyte = 0.001 exabytesExample Calculation:
Convert 10 petabytes: 10 × 0.001 = 0.01 exabytes
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Need to convert to other data storage units?
View all Data Storage conversions →What is a Petabyte and a Exabyte?
A petabyte (PB) is a unit of digital information storage equal to 10¹⁵ bytes (one quadrillion bytes). It uses the standard SI decimal prefix 'peta-'. One petabyte is equivalent to 1,000 terabytes or 1,000,000 gigabytes.
Precise definitions:
- 1 petabyte (PB) = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (exactly 10¹⁵)
- 1 PB = 1,000 terabytes (TB)
- 1 PB = 1,000,000 gigabytes (GB)
- 1 PB = 8,000,000,000,000,000 bits (8 petabits)
Relationship to binary units:
- 1 petabyte (PB) ≈ 0.888 pebibytes (PiB)
- 1 pebibyte (PiB) = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes = 2⁵⁰ bytes
- 1 PiB ≈ 1.126 PB (12.6% larger)
Petabyte (PB) vs. Pebibyte (PiB): Enterprise-Scale Distinction
At petabyte scale, precision matters for enterprise planning:
Petabyte (PB) — Decimal prefix:
- Exactly 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (10¹⁵)
- Based on SI standard (powers of 10)
- Used by cloud providers, enterprise storage, data centers
- Standard for capacity marketing and planning
Pebibyte (PiB) — Binary prefix:
- Exactly 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes (2⁵⁰)
- Based on binary powers (powers of 2)
- Used by technical specifications, some enterprise systems
- Standard for certain scientific and technical applications
Why the 12.6% difference matters:
- Data center planning: 100 PB = 88.8 PiB of actual capacity
- Backup systems: Capacity calculations affect retention policies
- Cloud costs: Billing based on decimal PB, but systems use binary PiB
Percentage difference: PiB is 12.6% larger than PB, so the gap grows with scale:
- 1 PB = 0.888 PiB (11.2% less)
- 10 PB = 8.88 PiB (11.2% less)
- 100 PB = 88.8 PiB (11.2% less)
Petabyte (PB) vs. Petabit (Pb): Enterprise Data Distinction
Another critical distinction for network planning:
Petabyte (PB):
- Measures storage capacity (data at rest)
- 1 PB = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
- Used for: data lakes, archives, cloud storage
Petabit (Pb or Pbit):
- Measures data transfer (data in motion)
- 1 Pb = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bits
- Used for: network capacity, data center interconnects
- 1 petabyte = 8 petabits (since 1 byte = 8 bits)
Real-world example:
- Data center storage: 100 PB capacity
- Network capacity: 800 Pb/s interconnect speed
An exabyte (EB) is a unit of digital information storage equal to 10¹⁸ bytes (one quintillion bytes). It uses the standard SI decimal prefix 'exa-'. One exabyte is equivalent to 1,000 petabytes or 1,000,000 terabytes.
Precise definitions:
- 1 exabyte (EB) = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (exactly 10¹⁸)
- 1 EB = 1,000 petabytes (PB)
- 1 EB = 1,000,000 terabytes (TB)
- 1 EB = 8,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (8 exabits)
Relationship to binary units:
- 1 exabyte (EB) ≈ 0.867 exbibytes (EiB)
- 1 exbibyte (EiB) = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes = 2⁶⁰ bytes
- 1 EiB ≈ 1.1526 EB (15.26% larger)
Exabyte (EB) vs. Exbibyte (EiB): Massive Scale Distinction
At exabyte scale, even small percentage differences matter enormously:
Exabyte (EB) — Decimal prefix:
- Exactly 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (10¹⁸)
- Based on SI standard (powers of 10)
- Used by cloud providers, data centers, global statistics
- Standard for internet traffic and data creation metrics
Exbibyte (EiB) — Binary prefix:
- Exactly 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes (2⁶⁰)
- Based on binary powers (powers of 2)
- Used by technical specifications, scientific computing
- Standard for certain supercomputing and research contexts
Why the 15% difference is critical:
- 1 EB = 0.867 EiB (significant difference)
- Data center planning: 100 EB = 86.7 EiB of actual capacity
- Scientific datasets: Precision matters for resource allocation
- Global statistics: Internet traffic measured in EB (decimal)
Exabyte (EB) vs. Exabit (Eb): Global Data Distinction
Another critical distinction at massive scale:
Exabyte (EB):
- Measures storage capacity (data at rest)
- 1 EB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
- Used for: cloud storage, data centers, archives
Exabit (Eb or Ebit):
- Measures data transfer (data in motion)
- 1 Eb = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
- Used for: network capacity, global internet bandwidth
- 1 exabyte = 8 exabits (since 1 byte = 8 bits)
Real-world example:
- Global internet traffic: ~200 EB annually
- Network capacity: Measured in Eb/s (exabits per second)
Note: The Petabyte is part of the imperial/US customary system, primarily used in the US, UK, and Canada for everyday measurements. The Exabyte belongs to the imperial/US customary system.
History of the Petabyte and Exabyte
The "Peta-" Prefix Origins (1975)
International standardization for massive scales:
1975: 14th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM):
- Officially adopted "peta-" as the SI prefix for one quadrillion (10¹⁵)
- Derived from Greek "πέντε" (pente) meaning "five" (representing 10¹⁵ = 1000⁵)
- Part of the expanded SI prefix system: tera (10¹²), peta (10¹⁵), exa (10¹⁸)
Scientific context before computing:
- Originally used in physics for extremely large measurements
- Theoretical unit until enterprise computing made it practical
Computing Era: PB Becomes Enterprise Reality (2000s-2010s)
When petabytes became essential for business:
2000s: Enterprise storage explosion:
- 2000s: Corporate data grew from TB to PB scale
- 2005: Google File System paper discussed PB-scale storage
- 2006: Amazon S3 launched, enabling PB-scale cloud storage
2010s: Big data and cloud computing:
- 2010s: Hadoop and big data made PB processing feasible
- 2012: Facebook data center design for PB-scale storage
- 2015: Cloud providers reach multi-PB customer bases
2010s: Scientific and research applications:
- Genomics: Human Genome Project data reached PB scale
- Astronomy: Telescope arrays generate PB annually
- Particle physics: CERN experiments produce PB of data
PB vs. PiB: Enterprise Ambiguity Resolution (1998-2010s)
Decades of enterprise-scale confusion:
1998-2000s: IEC binary prefix adoption:
- IEC introduces pebibyte (PiB) for binary petabytes
- Enterprise adoption: Mixed usage depending on context
- Cloud providers: Use PB (decimal) for marketing
2010s: Enterprise standardization:
- Data centers: Use PB for capacity planning
- Cloud billing: Based on PB (decimal)
- Technical specs: PiB for precision in some systems
Current adoption:
- Enterprise marketing: PB (decimal) dominates
- Technical specifications: PiB (binary) for precision
- Cloud APIs: PB (decimal) for user-facing metrics
The "Exa-" Prefix Origins (1975)
International standardization for extreme scales:
1975: 15th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM):
- Officially adopted "exa-" as the SI prefix for one quintillion (10¹⁸)
- Derived from Greek "ἕξ" (hex) meaning "six" (representing 10¹⁸)
- Part of the expanded SI prefix system: peta (10¹⁵), exa (10¹⁸), zetta (10²¹), yotta (10²⁴)
Scientific context before computing:
- Originally used in physics for extremely large measurements
- Theoretical unit until digital data made it practical
Computing Era: EB Becomes Reality (1990s-2000s)
When exabytes became measurable:
1990s: Internet and digital libraries:
- World Wide Web growth created measurable data at EB scale
- First large digital libraries reached petabyte scale
- Scientific computing began generating EB-sized datasets
2000s: Cloud computing and big data:
- 2006: Amazon S3 launch marked practical EB-scale storage
- 2008: Google File System papers discussed EB-scale systems
- 2010s: Social media, streaming, IoT accelerated data growth
2010s: Hyperscale data centers:
- 2012: Facebook data center design for EB-scale storage
- 2015: Microsoft announces EB-scale cloud capacity
- 2020s: Major cloud providers operate at multi-EB scale
EB vs. EiB: The Massive Scale Ambiguity
Confusion at the highest scales:
The root problem: Even at exabyte scale, decimal vs. binary matters
2010s: Technical vs. consumer usage:
- Cloud providers: Use EB (decimal) for marketing and statistics
- Scientific computing: Use EiB (binary) for technical specifications
- Network engineering: Mix both depending on context
Current adoption:
- Consumer/global stats: EB (decimal) dominates
- Technical specifications: EiB (binary) for precision
- Hybrid usage: Context determines which is appropriate
Common Uses and Applications: petabytes vs exabytes
Explore the typical applications for both Petabyte (imperial/US) and Exabyte (imperial/US) to understand their common contexts.
Common Uses for petabytes
Enterprise Data Lakes
Corporate data storage and analytics:
Data Warehousing:
- Transactional data: 10-50 PB of sales, customer, inventory data
- Log files: 5-20 PB of application and system logs
- Analytics datasets: 1-10 PB of processed data for BI
Backup and Recovery:
- Full system backups: 50-200 PB for large enterprises
- Retention archives: 100-500 PB for compliance data
- Disaster recovery: Multi-PB offsite backup systems
Cloud Infrastructure
Hyperscale cloud storage and computing:
Object Storage:
- S3-compatible services: PB-scale customer data storage
- Content delivery: PB of cached web content and media
- Archive storage: PB of compliance and regulatory data
Big Data Analytics:
- Data lakes: 10-100 PB of raw data for processing
- Machine learning: 1-10 PB of training datasets
- Real-time analytics: PB-scale streaming data processing
Scientific Computing
Research and high-performance computing:
Supercomputing Centers:
- Oak Ridge National Lab: 5 PB storage capacity
- Argonne National Lab: 3 PB storage capacity
- European supercomputing: 10 PB combined capacity
Research Data Repositories:
- GenBank (NCBI): 0.5 PB of genomic sequences
- Protein Data Bank: 0.001 PB of structural data
- Earth observation data: 2 PB annually from satellites
Media Production and Distribution
Professional content creation and delivery:
Film and Television:
- 4K/8K production: 1-5 PB per major film
- Visual effects: 10-20 PB of render farm storage
- Post-production: 2-10 PB of working files
Broadcasting:
- Live streaming infrastructure: 5-20 PB of content delivery
- On-demand libraries: 50-200 PB of encoded content
- Archive storage: 100+ PB of historical programming
When to Use exabytes
Cloud Storage Providers
Marketing and capacity specifications:
Hyperscale Cloud Storage:
- Total global capacity: Major providers operate at 100+ EB scale
- Customer data storage: AWS S3 holds 200+ EB of customer data
- Backup and archive: Cold storage tiers reach 50+ EB per provider
Enterprise Cloud Adoption:
- Large enterprises: 1-10 EB of cloud storage usage
- Medium businesses: 0.1-1 EB of cloud data
- SaaS providers: 10-50 EB for customer data
Global Internet Statistics
Measuring worldwide data flows:
Annual Internet Traffic:
- Total global: 200 EB annually
- Fixed broadband: 100 EB annually
- Mobile networks: 75 EB annually
- Data centers: 25 EB annually
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs):
- Akamai, Cloudflare, Fastly: Combined 50+ EB monthly
- Video streaming CDNs: 30 EB monthly for Netflix alone
- Software distribution: 5 EB monthly for updates and downloads
Scientific Research Computing
High-performance computing and research:
Supercomputing Centers:
- Oak Ridge National Lab (Summit): 0.01 EB storage capacity
- Argonne National Lab (Aurora): 0.02 EB planned capacity
- European supercomputing: Combined 0.1 EB storage
Research Data Repositories:
- GenBank (genomics): 0.0001 EB and growing rapidly
- Protein Data Bank: 0.00001 EB structural data
- Earth observation data: 0.1 EB annually from satellites
Big Data and Analytics
Enterprise data warehousing:
Large Corporations:
- Financial services: 1-5 EB of transaction data
- Retail/e-commerce: 2-10 EB of customer and sales data
- Healthcare systems: 0.5-2 EB of patient records
Government and Intelligence:
- National security data: Classified (but known to be EB scale)
- Census and demographic data: 0.001 EB
- Economic data repositories: 0.01 EB
Additional Unit Information
About Petabyte (PB)
How many bytes are in a petabyte (PB)?
There are exactly 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (one quadrillion bytes, or 10¹⁵ bytes) in 1 petabyte (PB). This is the official SI definition. For perspective, this is enough storage to hold:
- All printed books in the world: ~10,000 times over
- Every email ever sent: ~5,000 times over
- All photos ever taken: ~100 times over
- The complete human genome: ~50 million times over
How many terabytes are in a petabyte?
There are exactly 1,000 terabytes (TB) in 1 petabyte (PB). This follows the SI decimal standard where 1 PB = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes and 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes. Therefore, 1 PB = 1,000 TB. To convert PB to TB, multiply by 1,000. To convert TB to PB, divide by 1,000.
How many gigabytes are in a petabyte?
There are 1,000,000 gigabytes (GB) in 1 petabyte (PB). Using the conversion: 1 PB = 1,000 TB, and 1 TB = 1,000 GB, so 1 PB = 1,000 × 1,000 GB = 1,000,000 GB. This means 1 PB could theoretically store 1 million typical hard drives worth of data.
What is the difference between PB and PiB?
PB (petabyte) equals exactly 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (10¹⁵) using the SI decimal prefix system. PiB (pebibyte) equals exactly 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes (2⁵⁰) using the IEC binary prefix system. A pebibyte is approximately 12.6% larger than a petabyte (1 PiB ≈ 1.126 PB).
This distinction matters at petabyte scale:
- Cloud storage providers advertise in PB (decimal)
- Technical specifications may use PiB (binary)
- 100 PB of cloud storage = 88.8 PiB of actual binary capacity
How much data do major cloud providers store?
Major cloud providers operate at petabyte to exabyte scale:
Amazon Web Services (AWS):
- S3 object storage: 200+ PB of customer data
- Total storage capacity: 500+ PB across all services
- Glacier archive: 100+ PB of long-term storage
Microsoft Azure:
- Blob storage: 150+ PB of customer data
- Total capacity: 300+ PB across global infrastructure
- Archive storage: 75+ PB of cold data
Google Cloud:
- Cloud Storage: 100+ PB of customer data
- Total capacity: 200+ PB of infrastructure
- Nearline/Archive: 50+ PB for backup and compliance
These capacities continue growing as cloud adoption increases.
What uses the most petabytes?
Top storage consumers at PB scale:
-
Social media and user-generated content:
- Facebook/Meta: 300+ PB of photos, videos, messages
- YouTube/Google: 50+ PB of user-uploaded content
- Instagram: 100+ PB of media content
-
Cloud storage and data lakes:
- Enterprise data warehouses: 10-100 PB
- Backup and archive systems: 50-200 PB
- Machine learning datasets: 1-10 PB
-
Scientific and research data:
- Genomics databases: 10-50 PB
- Astronomical surveys: 10-50 PB
- Climate modeling: 5-20 PB
-
Media and entertainment:
- Netflix: 10+ PB of encoded content
- Disney+: 5+ PB of 4K content
- Hollywood post-production: 20-50 PB per studio
Enterprise storage at PB scale requires specialized infrastructure and management strategies.
About Exabyte (EB)
How many bytes are in an exabyte (EB)?
There are exactly 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (one quintillion bytes, or 10¹⁸ bytes) in 1 exabyte (EB). This is the official SI definition. For perspective, this is enough storage to hold:
- All books ever written: ~500,000 times over
- Every photo ever taken: ~50,000 times over
- 50,000 years of continuous HD video recording
- The complete DNA sequence of every human on Earth: ~7.5 million times over
How many petabytes are in an exabyte?
There are exactly 1,000 petabytes (PB) in 1 exabyte (EB). This follows the SI decimal standard where each prefix increases by 1,000. Therefore:
- 1 EB = 1,000 PB
- 1 PB = 1,000 TB
- 1 TB = 1,000 GB
- So 1 EB = 1,000 × 1,000 × 1,000 GB = 1,000,000,000 GB
How many terabytes are in an exabyte?
There are 1,000,000 terabytes (TB) in 1 exabyte (EB). Using the conversion:
- 1 EB = 1,000 PB
- 1 PB = 1,000 TB
- Therefore: 1 EB = 1,000 × 1,000 TB = 1,000,000 TB
This means 1 EB could theoretically store the entire iTunes music library (50 million songs) approximately 20,000 times, or store 1 million typical PC hard drives worth of data.
What is the difference between EB and EiB?
EB (exabyte) equals exactly 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (10¹⁸) using the SI decimal prefix system. EiB (exbibyte) equals exactly 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes (2⁶⁰) using the IEC binary prefix system. An exbibyte is approximately 15.3% larger than an exabyte (1 EiB ≈ 1.153 EB).
This distinction matters at exabyte scale:
- Cloud storage providers advertise in EB (decimal)
- Technical specifications may use EiB (binary)
- 100 EB of cloud storage = 86.7 EiB of actual binary capacity
How much data is created globally each year?
Global annual data creation reached approximately 120 exabytes (EB) in 2023, according to various industry estimates. This includes:
- Video content: 80 EB (streaming, social media, surveillance)
- Photos and images: 20 EB (smartphones, social media, professional)
- Text and documents: 10 EB (emails, web content, documents)
- IoT and sensors: 25 EB (connected devices, industrial sensors)
- Scientific data: 15 EB (research, astronomy, genomics)
By 2030, annual data creation is projected to reach 500 EB globally.
How much storage do major cloud providers have?
Major cloud providers operate at exabyte scale:
Amazon Web Services (AWS):
- Total storage capacity: 100+ EB
- S3 object storage: 200+ EB of customer data
- Additional services: 50+ EB across other storage types
Microsoft Azure:
- Total capacity: 50+ EB
- Global infrastructure: 25+ EB hot/cool storage
- Archive tiers: 25+ EB cold storage
Google Cloud:
- Total capacity: 75+ EB
- Regional storage: Multi-EB per major region
- Archive storage: 40+ EB for long-term retention
These capacities continue growing rapidly as cloud adoption increases.
What scientific projects generate exabyte-scale data?
Several scientific projects now generate or will generate exabyte-scale datasets:
Astronomy:
- Square Kilometre Array (SKA): 1 EB of data daily when fully operational
- Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST): 0.5 EB annually
- Gaia space mission: 0.001 EB of star catalog data
Particle Physics:
- CERN Large Hadron Collider: 0.1 EB annually from experiments
- Future colliders: Potentially 1 EB annually
Climate Science:
- Global climate models: 0.1 EB annually
- Satellite observation data: 0.5 EB annually
How much does exabyte storage cost?
Exabyte-scale storage costs vary significantly by type and provider:
Cloud Storage (per EB per month):
- Hot storage (frequently accessed): $5,000 - $10,000
- Cool storage (infrequently accessed): $1,000 - $3,000
- Archive/cold storage: $100 - $500
Data Center Infrastructure:
- Build cost for 1 EB: $10-50 million (servers, networking, facilities)
- Annual operating cost: $2-5 million (power, cooling, maintenance)
Enterprise Perspective:
- Cost per GB: $0.01-0.10 for cloud storage
- Cost per GB: $0.001-0.01 for on-premises storage
Costs continue declining as technology advances and economies of scale improve.
Is exabyte storage practical today?
Yes, exabyte storage is very practical and widely deployed:
Current Deployments:
- Cloud providers: Operate at 100+ EB scale
- Large enterprises: Use 1-10 EB of cloud storage
- Scientific institutions: Generate 0.1-1 EB annually
- Social media companies: Store 10-50 EB of user data
Technology Enabling EB Scale:
- Distributed storage systems (HDFS, Ceph, Swift)
- Object storage (S3-compatible systems)
- Tape libraries for archive (LTO tape technology)
- Erasure coding for data protection and efficiency
Future Growth:
- 2030 projections: 500 EB annual data creation
- 2050 projections: 2,000 EB annual data creation
- Technology advances: DNA storage, holographic storage may enable even larger scales
Conversion Table: Petabyte to Exabyte
| Petabyte (PB) | Exabyte (EB) |
|---|---|
| 0.5 | 0.001 |
| 1 | 0.001 |
| 1.5 | 0.002 |
| 2 | 0.002 |
| 5 | 0.005 |
| 10 | 0.01 |
| 25 | 0.025 |
| 50 | 0.05 |
| 100 | 0.1 |
| 250 | 0.25 |
| 500 | 0.5 |
| 1,000 | 1 |
People Also Ask
How do I convert Petabyte to Exabyte?
To convert Petabyte to Exabyte, enter the value in Petabyte in the calculator above. The conversion will happen automatically. Use our free online converter for instant and accurate results. You can also visit our data storage converter page to convert between other units in this category.
Learn more →What is the conversion factor from Petabyte to Exabyte?
The conversion factor depends on the specific relationship between Petabyte and Exabyte. You can find the exact conversion formula and factor on this page. Our calculator handles all calculations automatically. See the conversion table above for common values.
Can I convert Exabyte back to Petabyte?
Yes! You can easily convert Exabyte back to Petabyte by using the swap button (⇌) in the calculator above, or by visiting our Exabyte to Petabyte converter page. You can also explore other data storage conversions on our category page.
Learn more →What are common uses for Petabyte and Exabyte?
Petabyte and Exabyte are both standard units used in data storage measurements. They are commonly used in various applications including engineering, construction, cooking, and scientific research. Browse our data storage converter for more conversion options.
For more data storage conversion questions, visit our FAQ page or explore our conversion guides.
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All Data Storage Conversions
Other Data Storage Units and Conversions
Explore other data storage units and their conversion options:
- Bit (b) • Petabyte to Bit
- Byte (B) • Petabyte to Byte
- Kilobit (kb) • Petabyte to Kilobit
- Kilobyte (KB) • Petabyte to Kilobyte
- Megabit (Mb) • Petabyte to Megabit
- Megabyte (MB) • Petabyte to Megabyte
- Gigabit (Gb) • Petabyte to Gigabit
- Gigabyte (GB) • Petabyte to Gigabyte
- Terabit (Tb) • Petabyte to Terabit
- Terabyte (TB) • Petabyte to Terabyte
Verified Against Authority Standards
All conversion formulas have been verified against international standards and authoritative sources to ensure maximum accuracy and reliability.
International Electrotechnical Commission — Binary prefixes for digital storage (KiB, MiB, GiB)
International Organization for Standardization — International standards for quantities and units
Last verified: February 19, 2026