Erg to Kilowatt-hour Converter

Convert ergs to kilowatt-hours with our free online energy converter.

Quick Answer

1 Erg = 2.777778e-14 kilowatt-hours

Formula: Erg × conversion factor = Kilowatt-hour

Use the calculator below for instant, accurate conversions.

Our Accuracy Guarantee

All conversion formulas on UnitsConverter.io have been verified against NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) guidelines and international SI standards. Our calculations are accurate to 10 decimal places for standard conversions and use arbitrary precision arithmetic for astronomical units.

Last verified: February 2026|Reviewed by: Sam Mathew, Software Engineer

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How to Use the Erg to Kilowatt-hour Calculator:

Enter the value you want to convert in the 'From' field (Erg).
The converted value in Kilowatt-hour will appear automatically in the 'To' field.
Use the dropdown menus to select different units within the Energy category.
Click the swap button (⇌) to reverse the conversion direction.

How to Convert Erg to Kilowatt-hour: Step-by-Step Guide

Converting Erg to Kilowatt-hour involves multiplying the value by a specific conversion factor, as shown in the formula below.

Formula:

kWh = erg × 2.77778e-14

Example Calculation:

1 erg = 2.777778e-14 kWh

Disclaimer: For Reference Only

These conversion results are provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, we make no guarantees regarding the precision of these results, especially for conversions involving extremely large or small numbers which may be subject to the inherent limitations of standard computer floating-point arithmetic.

Not for professional use. Results should be verified before use in any critical application. View our Terms of Service for more information.

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What is a Erg and a Kilowatt-hour?

1 erg = 0.0000001 joules (J)

and Standards

The kilowatt-hour is defined as the energy equivalent of one kilowatt (1,000 watts) of power sustained for one hour:

1 kWh = 1,000 W × 1 hour = 3,600,000 joules = 3.6 megajoules

Precise Equivalents

1 kWh = 3,600,000 J (exactly)
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ (exactly)
1 kWh = 1.341 horsepower-hours (mechanical)
1 kWh = 859.845 kilocalories (thermochemical)
1 kWh = 3,412.14 British thermal units (BTU)
1 kWh = 2.655 × 10²² electronvolts

The kilowatt-hour is not an SI unit (the SI unit of energy is the joule), but it is explicitly accepted for use alongside SI units by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) due to its universal adoption in electrical energy metering and commerce.

Power vs. Energy: The Critical Distinction

Kilowatt (kW) measures power—the rate at which energy is being used or generated at a specific moment (analogous to speed on a speedometer).

Kilowatt-hour (kWh) measures energy—the total amount of energy used or generated over time (analogous to distance traveled on an odometer).

Relationship: Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) × Time (hours)

Example: A 2 kW space heater running for 3 hours consumes 2 kW × 3 h = 6 kWh of energy.

Note: The Erg is part of the imperial/US customary system, primarily used in the US, UK, and Canada for everyday measurements. The Kilowatt-hour belongs to the imperial/US customary system.

History of the Erg and Kilowatt-hour

and Evolution

The Birth of Electrical Metering (1880s-1890s)

The kilowatt-hour emerged from the practical needs of early electrical utilities. When Thomas Edison opened the Pearl Street Station in Manhattan in September 1882—the world's first commercial central power plant—he needed a way to bill customers for electricity consumption. Early meters measured current flow, but this didn't account for voltage or time, making fair billing difficult.

The breakthrough came with the development of the induction watt-hour meter by Oliver B. Shallenberger in 1888, working for Westinghouse. This electromechanical device used electromagnetic induction to rotate a disc at a speed proportional to power consumption, with the total rotations indicating energy consumed—directly measuring kilowatt-hours. This meter design, refined but fundamentally unchanged, remained the global standard for over a century until the recent transition to digital smart meters.

Standardization and the International Electrical Congress (1893)

The International Electrical Congress held during the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago formally adopted standardized electrical units. While the joule was recognized as the scientific unit of energy, the kilowatt-hour was established as the practical unit for electrical power distribution and billing. This dual system—joules in science, kilowatt-hours in commerce—continues today.

Samuel Insull and Modern Utility Economics (1890s-1920s)

Samuel Insull, president of Chicago Edison Company (later Commonwealth Edison), revolutionized the electricity industry in the 1890s by implementing sophisticated pricing structures based on kilowatt-hour consumption. Insull pioneered:

Load factor optimization: Encouraging off-peak usage through lower kWh rates
Declining block rates: Lower per-kWh prices for higher consumption, incentivizing electrification
Demand charges: Separate charges for peak power demand (kW) versus energy consumption (kWh) for industrial customers

Insull's innovations made electricity affordable for middle-class households, transforming it from a luxury to a necessity and accelerating the electrification of America and the world.

The Electrification Revolution (1920s-1960s)

By the 1920s, the kilowatt-hour had become universal for electricity billing in industrialized nations. Rural electrification programs—such as the U.S. Rural Electrification Administration (1935)—brought kilowatt-hour metering to millions of farms and small towns. Post-World War II economic growth drove massive increases in electrical consumption, measured everywhere in kilowatt-hours.

Modern Era: Smart Meters and Real-Time kWh (2000s-Present)

The 21st century brought smart meters that measure kilowatt-hour consumption digitally, often in 15-minute or hourly intervals. These enable:

Time-of-use (TOU) pricing: Different per-kWh rates based on time of day
Real-time monitoring: Customers can track kWh usage in real time via apps
Demand response: Automated load reduction during peak demand
Net metering: Bidirectional kWh measurement for solar panel owners

Today, kilowatt-hours are also the standard unit for electric vehicle battery capacity, solar panel production, energy efficiency ratings, and carbon footprint calculations tied to electricity consumption.

Common Uses and Applications: ergs vs kilowatt-hours

Explore the typical applications for both Erg (imperial/US) and Kilowatt-hour (imperial/US) to understand their common contexts.

Common Uses for ergs

Used in physics, engineering, energy systems, and scientific calculations where this energy scale is appropriate for the application.

When to Use kilowatt-hours

1. Electricity Billing (Residential, Commercial, Industrial)

The kilowatt-hour is the universal unit for billing electrical energy consumption worldwide. Your electric utility meter tracks cumulative kilowatt-hours, and your monthly bill reflects the total kWh consumed multiplied by your rate structure.

Typical billing components:

Energy charge: $0.08-0.35 per kWh (varies by location and utility)
Delivery/distribution charge: Often a separate per-kWh fee
Fixed charges: Monthly connection fees independent of kWh
Demand charges (commercial/industrial): Based on peak kW demand

Example bill calculation (900 kWh residential):

Energy: 900 kWh × $0.12 = $108.00
Delivery: 900 kWh × $0.04 = $36.00
Fixed charge: $10.00
Total: $154.00

2. Appliance Energy Efficiency Ratings

EnergyGuide labels in the US and Canada display estimated annual kilowatt-hour consumption:

Refrigerators: 300-700 kWh/year
Dishwashers: 200-400 kWh/year
Washing machines: 150-500 kWh/year

Energy Star certification requires appliances to use fewer kWh than standard models, typically 10-50% more efficient.

3. Electric Vehicle Specifications

EV manufacturers specify battery capacity in kilowatt-hours, directly comparable across all brands:

Small battery: 40-50 kWh (city cars, ~150-200 miles)
Medium battery: 60-75 kWh (mainstream EVs, ~250-300 miles)
Large battery: 85-100 kWh (luxury/performance EVs, ~350-400 miles)
Truck/SUV battery: 100-200+ kWh (heavy vehicles, towing capability)

Efficiency metric: Miles per kWh (analogous to miles per gallon for gasoline vehicles)

4. Solar and Renewable Energy Production

Solar installers and monitoring systems display production in kilowatt-hours:

Real-time production: "Currently generating 4.2 kW"
Daily total: "Produced 28 kWh today"
Lifetime total: "System has produced 47,500 kWh since installation"

Net metering: Bidirectional meters track both kWh consumed from the grid and kWh exported to the grid, with the difference billed (or credited) monthly.

5. Carbon Footprint Calculations

Carbon emissions from electricity are calculated using kilowatt-hour consumption multiplied by regional grid intensity:

Grid carbon intensity (kg CO₂ per kWh):

Coal-heavy grid: 0.8-1.0 kg CO₂/kWh (e.g., Wyoming, West Virginia)
US average: ~0.4 kg CO₂/kWh
Natural gas grid: 0.4-0.5 kg CO₂/kWh
Renewable-heavy grid: 0.02-0.1 kg CO₂/kWh (e.g., Iceland, Norway, Quebec)

Example: 900 kWh monthly consumption × 0.4 kg CO₂/kWh = 360 kg CO₂ = 0.36 metric tons CO₂ per month

6. Battery Storage Systems (Home and Grid)

Home battery storage (e.g., Tesla Powerwall) and grid-scale battery systems specify capacity in kilowatt-hours:

Tesla Powerwall 2: 13.5 kWh usable capacity
LG Chem RESU: 9.8-16 kWh
Sonnen eco: 5-15 kWh (modular)

Backup capability: A 13.5 kWh battery can power essential loads (refrigerator, lights, WiFi, phone charging) for 1-2 days during an outage.

Additional Unit Information

About Erg (erg)

How do I convert erg to joules?

Formula: J = erg × 0.0000001

Erg to Joules converter →

How do I convert erg to kWh?

To convert to kilowatt-hours, first convert to joules, then divide by 3,600,000.

Erg to kWh converter →

What is Erg used for?

Erg is used in contexts where the energy scale makes it convenient compared to very large or very small joule values. It provides a practical measurement unit for specific applications.

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Energy Unit Registry Log 249: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 250: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 251: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 252: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 253: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 254: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 255: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 256: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 257: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 258: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 259: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 260: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 261: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 262: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 263: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 264: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 265: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 266: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 267: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 268: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 269: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 270: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 271: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 272: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 273: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 274: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 275: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 276: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 277: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 278: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 279: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 280: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 281: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 282: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 283: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 284: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 285: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 286: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 287: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 288: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 289: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 290: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 291: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 292: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 293: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 294: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 295: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 296: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 297: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 298: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 299: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 300: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 301: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 302: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 303: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 304: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 305: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 306: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 307: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 308: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 309: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 310: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 311: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 312: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 313: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 314: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 315: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 316: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 317: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 318: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 319: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 320: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 321: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 322: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 323: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 324: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 325: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 326: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 327: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 328: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 329: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 330: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 331: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 332: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 333: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 334: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 335: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 336: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 337: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 338: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 339: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 340: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 341: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 342: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 343: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 344: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 345: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 346: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 347: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 348: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 349: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 350: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 351: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 352: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 353: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 354: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 355: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 356: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 357: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 358: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 359: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 360: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 361: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 362: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 363: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 364: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 365: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 366: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 367: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 368: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 369: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 370: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 371: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 372: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 373: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 374: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 375: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 376: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 377: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 378: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 379: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 380: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 381: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 382: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 383: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 384: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 385: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 386: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 387: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 388: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 389: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 390: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 391: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 392: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 393: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 394: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 395: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 396: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 397: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 398: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 399: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 400: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 401: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 402: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 403: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 404: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 405: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 406: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 407: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 408: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 409: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 410: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 411: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 412: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 413: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 414: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 415: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 416: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 417: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 418: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 419: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 420: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 421: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 422: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 423: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 424: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 425: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 426: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 427: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 428: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 429: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 430: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 431: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 432: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 433: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 434: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 435: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 436: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 437: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 438: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 439: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 440: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 441: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 442: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 443: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 444: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 445: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 446: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 447: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 448: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 449: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 450: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 451: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 452: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 453: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 454: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 455: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 456: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 457: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 458: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 459: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 460: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 461: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 462: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 463: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 464: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 465: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 466: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 467: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 468: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 469: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 470: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 471: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 472: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 473: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 474: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 475: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 476: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 477: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 478: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 479: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 480: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 481: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 482: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 483: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 484: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 485: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 486: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 487: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 488: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 489: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 490: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 491: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 492: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 493: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 494: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 495: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 496: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 497: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 498: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 499: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 500: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 501: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 502: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 503: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 504: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 505: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 506: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 507: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 508: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 509: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 510: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 511: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 512: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 513: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 514: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 515: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 516: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 517: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 518: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 519: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 520: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 521: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 522: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 523: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 524: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 525: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 526: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 527: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 528: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 529: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 530: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 531: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 532: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 533: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 534: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 535: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 536: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 537: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 538: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 539: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 540: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 541: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 542: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 543: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 544: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 545: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 546: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 547: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 548: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 549: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 550: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 551: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 552: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 553: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 554: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 555: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 556: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 557: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 558: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 559: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 560: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 561: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 562: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 563: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 564: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 565: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 566: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 567: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 568: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 569: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 570: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 571: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 572: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 573: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 574: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 575: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 576: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 577: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 578: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 579: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 580: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 581: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 582: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 583: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 584: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 585: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 586: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 587: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 588: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 589: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 590: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 591: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 592: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 593: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 594: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 595: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 596: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 597: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 598: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 599: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 600: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 601: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 602: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 603: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 604: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 605: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 606: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 607: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 608: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 609: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 610: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 611: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 612: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 613: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 614: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
Energy Unit Registry Log 615: Technical energy scale benchmark for scientific research and mechanical work log site area.
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About Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

How much does 1 kWh of electricity cost?

Electricity rates vary widely by location, utility, rate structure, and time of day:

US average (2024): $0.13-0.16 per kWh (residential)

By state (residential, wide variation):

Lowest: Louisiana (~$0.09/kWh), Oklahoma (~$0.10/kWh), Arkansas (~$0.10/kWh)
Highest: Hawaii (~$0.40/kWh), California (~$0.25-0.35/kWh), Massachusetts (~$0.24/kWh)
Typical ranges: Most states $0.10-0.18/kWh

International comparison:

Denmark: ~$0.40/kWh (highest in developed world)
Germany: ~$0.35/kWh
UK: ~$0.25-0.30/kWh (£0.20-0.24/kWh)
Canada: ~$0.08-0.12/kWh (varies by province)
China: ~$0.08/kWh (residential)

Commercial rates are typically 20-40% lower than residential ($0.08-0.12/kWh in US), while industrial rates are often 40-60% lower ($0.05-0.08/kWh) due to higher volumes and lower distribution costs.

Time-of-use (TOU) rates vary by time:

Off-peak (midnight-6am): $0.08-0.12/kWh
Mid-peak (daytime): $0.12-0.18/kWh
On-peak (5-9pm): $0.20-0.40/kWh

What is the difference between kW and kWh?

This is one of the most common sources of confusion in electricity:

Kilowatt (kW) measures POWER—the rate of energy use or generation at a specific instant.

Analogous to: Speed (miles per hour on speedometer)
Measures: How fast energy is being used right now
Example: "My air conditioner is currently drawing 3.5 kW"

Kilowatt-hour (kWh) measures ENERGY—the total amount of energy used or generated over time.

Analogous to: Distance (total miles traveled on odometer)
Measures: How much energy was used over a period
Example: "My air conditioner used 28 kWh today (3.5 kW × 8 hours)"

Relationship: Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) × Time (hours)

Another analogy: Think of filling a bathtub:

kW = flow rate (gallons per minute from faucet)
kWh = total water (total gallons in tub)
Fast flow × short time = Slow flow × long time = same total water

Billing distinction: You're billed for energy (kWh), not power (kW)—except for commercial "demand charges" based on peak kW.

How many kWh does an average home use per day?

US average: ~30 kWh per day (~900 kWh per month, ~10,800 kWh per year)

Breakdown by category (typical US home):

Heating/cooling: 40-45% (~12-14 kWh/day)
Water heating: 14-18% (~4-5 kWh/day)
Appliances: 25-30% (~8-9 kWh/day)
Lighting: 6-10% (~2-3 kWh/day)
Electronics: 5-8% (~2 kWh/day)

Variation by home type:

Apartment (500-800 sq ft): 15-20 kWh/day
Small house (1,000-1,500 sq ft): 20-25 kWh/day
Medium house (1,500-2,500 sq ft): 25-35 kWh/day
Large house (2,500-4,000 sq ft): 35-50 kWh/day
Very large home (4,000+ sq ft): 50-100+ kWh/day

Seasonal variation:

Winter (heating climate): 30-50 kWh/day
Spring/Fall: 20-30 kWh/day
Summer (cooling climate): 35-60 kWh/day

Geographic variation (US average by region):

South (Louisiana, Texas, Florida): 35-45 kWh/day (high AC usage)
West (California, Oregon): 20-30 kWh/day (mild climate)
Northeast (New York, Massachusetts): 25-30 kWh/day
Midwest (Illinois, Ohio): 28-35 kWh/day

How do I calculate my appliance's kWh usage?

Formula: kWh = (Watts ÷ 1,000) × Hours of use

Step-by-step:

Find wattage: Check appliance label or manual (or use a Kill-A-Watt meter)
Convert to kilowatts: Divide watts by 1,000
Multiply by hours: Total hours of operation
Result is kWh: Total energy consumed

Example 1 (Simple continuous use):

60-watt light bulb
Used 5 hours per day
kWh per day = (60 ÷ 1,000) × 5 = 0.06 × 5 = 0.3 kWh
Monthly = 0.3 × 30 = 9 kWh
Cost = 9 kWh × $0.15 = $1.35 per month

Example 2 (Cycling appliance):

Refrigerator with 150-watt compressor
Runs ~8 hours per day (33% duty cycle)
kWh per day = (150 ÷ 1,000) × 8 = 0.15 × 8 = 1.2 kWh
Yearly = 1.2 × 365 = 438 kWh
Cost = 438 kWh × $0.15 = $65.70 per year

Example 3 (High-power short duration):

Electric oven, 3,000 watts
Used 1 hour per day
kWh per day = (3,000 ÷ 1,000) × 1 = 3 kWh
Monthly = 3 × 30 = 90 kWh
Cost = 90 kWh × $0.15 = $13.50 per month

Tip: For cycling appliances (refrigerators, AC, heaters), check EnergyGuide labels for actual annual kWh rather than calculating from power ratings.

How many kWh does it take to charge an electric vehicle?

Charging kWh depends on battery size and state of charge:

Formula: kWh needed = Battery capacity (kWh) × (% to charge ÷ 100) ÷ Charging efficiency

Charging efficiency: ~85-95% (some energy lost to heat)

Example 1 (Typical daily charging):

Tesla Model 3 Long Range (82 kWh battery)
Daily driving uses 40% of battery (33 kWh)
Charging efficiency: 90%
kWh from wall = 33 ÷ 0.90 = 36.7 kWh
Cost at $0.15/kWh = $5.50 per charge

Example 2 (Empty to full):

Nissan Leaf (62 kWh battery)
Charging from 10% to 100% (90% of capacity)
kWh needed = 62 × 0.90 = 55.8 kWh
With 90% efficiency = 55.8 ÷ 0.90 = 62 kWh
Cost at $0.12/kWh = $7.44 full charge

Charging levels:

Level 1 (120V, 12A): ~1.4 kW → ~1.4 kWh per hour (very slow)
Level 2 (240V, 32A): ~7.7 kW → ~7.7 kWh per hour (home charging)
DC Fast Charging: 50-350 kW → 50-350 kWh per hour (public fast charging)

Annual EV consumption (typical):

12,000 miles per year ÷ 4 miles per kWh = 3,000 kWh per year
Cost at $0.15/kWh = $450 per year
Gasoline equivalent (25 MPG, $3.50/gal): 480 gallons = $1,680 per year
Savings: ~$1,200 per year

How many kilowatt-hours are in a gallon of gasoline?

Gasoline contains approximately 33.7 kWh of chemical energy per gallon (based on lower heating value).

However, internal combustion engines are only 20-30% efficient at converting this to mechanical work, while electric motors are 85-95% efficient.

Effective comparison:

1 gallon gasoline = 33.7 kWh chemical energy
Usable mechanical energy = 33.7 × 0.25 (avg efficiency) = 8.4 kWh
Electric vehicle uses 8.4 kWh directly from battery = equivalent to ~1 gallon gasoline

Example: A 25 MPG gas car vs. 4 miles/kWh EV:

Gas car: 100 miles ÷ 25 MPG = 4 gallons = 134.8 kWh chemical energy (33.7 usable)
EV: 100 miles ÷ 4 mi/kWh = 25 kWh from battery
Efficiency advantage: EV uses ~25% of the energy (25 kWh vs. 100 kWh delivered fuel)

Cost comparison (at $3.50/gal gasoline, $0.15/kWh electricity):

Gas: 4 gallons × $3.50 = $14.00 per 100 miles
Electric: 25 kWh × $0.15 = $3.75 per 100 miles
Savings: $10.25 per 100 miles, or ~73% cheaper

What is a megawatt-hour (MWh) or gigawatt-hour (GWh)?

These are larger units used for industrial, utility, and national-scale energy:

Megawatt-hour (MWh): 1 MWh = 1,000 kWh

Scale: Enough for ~1.5 months of average US household consumption
Uses: Large commercial buildings, small industrial facilities, utility contracts
Example: A small office building might use 50-100 MWh per month

Gigawatt-hour (GWh): 1 GWh = 1,000 MWh = 1,000,000 kWh

Scale: Enough for ~100 US homes for one year
Uses: Large industrial plants, small utility service territories, data centers
Example: A medium-sized data center uses 10-50 GWh per year

Terawatt-hour (TWh): 1 TWh = 1,000 GWh = 1,000,000 MWh = 1,000,000,000 kWh

Scale: National and global electricity consumption
Example: California uses ~290 TWh per year; US total ~4,000 TWh per year

Power plant output example:

1,000 MW (1 GW) nuclear plant running continuously for 1 year:
1,000 MW × 8,760 hours/year = 8,760 GWh = 8.76 TWh

How accurate are electricity meters?

Modern electricity meters are extremely accurate:

Electromechanical meters (older spinning disc meters):

Accuracy: ±1-2% over most load ranges
More accurate at higher loads, less accurate at very low loads
Degrade slowly over time; calibrated to read slightly high initially

Digital smart meters (solid-state):

Accuracy: ±0.5-1% across all load ranges
Highly accurate even at very low loads (phantom/standby power)
Consistent accuracy over time (no mechanical wear)

Regulatory standards (US):

ANSI C12.20 Class 0.2: ±0.2% accuracy (revenue-grade meters)
Utilities must test meters periodically; out-of-spec meters must be replaced

Practical impact: A 1% error on a 1,000 kWh monthly bill = 10 kWh = $1-2 difference. Given meters tend to read slightly high, customers rarely underpay.

If you suspect meter error:

Check for obvious high-consumption causes (always-on appliances, inefficient equipment)
Turn off all breakers except one circuit; use a known load (e.g., 1,000W heater) and time it
Request utility meter test (usually free or low-cost; if meter is faulty, utility pays; if accurate, small fee)

Can I run my house on a generator? How many kWh?

Generator sizing: Based on power (kW), not energy (kWh)

Average home needs:

Essential loads only (fridge, lights, electronics): 2-4 kW
Partial home (add well pump, sump pump, furnace): 5-7 kW
Whole home without AC: 8-12 kW
Whole home with central AC: 15-22 kW

Fuel consumption and kWh:

Portable generators: ~0.5-0.75 gallons/hour per kW output
Example: 5 kW generator at 50% load (2.5 kW) uses ~1.5 gal/hr
Running 8 hours = 12 gallons = 12 × 33.7 kWh = 404 kWh chemical → ~100 kWh electrical @ 25% efficiency

Cost comparison:

Grid electricity: 100 kWh × $0.15 = $15.00
Generator: 12 gallons × $3.50/gal = $42.00 (plus maintenance, noise, emissions)

Battery backup alternative: A 13.5 kWh Tesla Powerwall can provide 13.5 kWh of energy (enough for essential loads for 1-2 days during outage), recharged by solar or grid.

How many solar panels do I need to generate X kWh?

Solar panel output: 250-400 watts per panel (newer panels ~350-400W)

Production formula: kWh = Panel wattage (kW) × Peak sun hours × System derate

Peak sun hours (daily average, varies by location and season):

Southwest US (Arizona, Nevada): 5.5-7 hours
California: 5-6 hours
Southern US: 4.5-5.5 hours
Northern US: 3.5-4.5 hours

System derate factor: ~0.75-0.80 (accounts for inverter efficiency, shading, temperature, wiring losses)

Example 1 (30 kWh per day in Arizona):

Target: 30 kWh/day
Location: Phoenix (6 peak sun hours)
System needed: 30 ÷ (6 × 0.77) = 6.5 kW system
Number of 350W panels: 6,500 W ÷ 350 W/panel = 19 panels
Annual production: 30 kWh/day × 365 = 10,950 kWh/year

Example 2 (900 kWh per month in Massachusetts):

Target: 900 kWh/month = 30 kWh/day
Location: Boston (4 peak sun hours)
System needed: 30 ÷ (4 × 0.77) = 9.7 kW system
Number of 350W panels: 9,700 W ÷ 350 W/panel = 28 panels

Rule of thumb: In average US locations (4.5 peak sun hours), a 1 kW system produces ~1,300-1,500 kWh per year.

Conversion Table: Erg to Kilowatt-hour

Erg (erg)	Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
0.5	0
1	0
1.5	0
2	0
5	0
10	0
25	0
50	0
100	0
250	0
500	0
1,000	0

How do I convert Erg to Kilowatt-hour?

To convert Erg to Kilowatt-hour, enter the value in Erg in the calculator above. The conversion will happen automatically. Use our free online converter for instant and accurate results. You can also visit our energy converter page to convert between other units in this category.

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What is the conversion factor from Erg to Kilowatt-hour?

The conversion factor depends on the specific relationship between Erg and Kilowatt-hour. You can find the exact conversion formula and factor on this page. Our calculator handles all calculations automatically. See the conversion table above for common values.

Can I convert Kilowatt-hour back to Erg?

Yes! You can easily convert Kilowatt-hour back to Erg by using the swap button (⇌) in the calculator above, or by visiting our Kilowatt-hour to Erg converter page. You can also explore other energy conversions on our category page.

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What are common uses for Erg and Kilowatt-hour?

Erg and Kilowatt-hour are both standard units used in energy measurements. They are commonly used in various applications including engineering, construction, cooking, and scientific research. Browse our energy converter for more conversion options.

For more energy conversion questions, visit our FAQ page or explore our conversion guides.

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Joule to Kilojoule Joule to Megajoule Joule to Gigajoule Joule to Watt-hour Joule to Kilowatt-hour Joule to Megawatt-hour Joule to Calorie Joule to Kilocalorie Joule to British Thermal Unit Joule to Therm Joule to Foot-pound Joule to Electronvolt Joule to Erg Joule to Quad Kilojoule to Joule Kilojoule to Megajoule Kilojoule to Gigajoule Kilojoule to Watt-hour Kilojoule to Kilowatt-hour Kilojoule to Megawatt-hour Kilojoule to Calorie Kilojoule to Kilocalorie Kilojoule to British Thermal Unit Kilojoule to Therm Kilojoule to Foot-pound Kilojoule to Electronvolt Kilojoule to Erg Kilojoule to Quad Megajoule to Joule Megajoule to Kilojoule Megajoule to Gigajoule Megajoule to Watt-hour Megajoule to Kilowatt-hour Megajoule to Megawatt-hour Megajoule to Calorie Megajoule to Kilocalorie Megajoule to British Thermal Unit Megajoule to Therm Megajoule to Foot-pound Megajoule to Electronvolt Megajoule to Erg Megajoule to Quad Gigajoule to Joule Gigajoule to Kilojoule Gigajoule to Megajoule Gigajoule to Watt-hour Gigajoule to Kilowatt-hour Gigajoule to Megawatt-hour Gigajoule to Calorie Gigajoule to Kilocalorie Gigajoule to British Thermal Unit Gigajoule to Therm Gigajoule to Foot-pound Gigajoule to Electronvolt Gigajoule to Erg Gigajoule to Quad Watt-hour to Joule Watt-hour to Kilojoule Watt-hour to Megajoule Watt-hour to Gigajoule Watt-hour to Kilowatt-hour Watt-hour to Megawatt-hour Watt-hour to Calorie Watt-hour to Kilocalorie Watt-hour to British Thermal Unit Watt-hour to Therm Watt-hour to Foot-pound Watt-hour to Electronvolt Watt-hour to Erg Watt-hour to Quad Kilowatt-hour to Joule Kilowatt-hour to Kilojoule Kilowatt-hour to Megajoule Kilowatt-hour to Gigajoule Kilowatt-hour to Watt-hour Kilowatt-hour to Megawatt-hour Kilowatt-hour to Calorie Kilowatt-hour to Kilocalorie Kilowatt-hour to British Thermal Unit Kilowatt-hour to Therm Kilowatt-hour to Foot-pound Kilowatt-hour to Electronvolt Kilowatt-hour to Erg Kilowatt-hour to Quad Megawatt-hour to Joule Megawatt-hour to Kilojoule Megawatt-hour to Megajoule Megawatt-hour to Gigajoule Megawatt-hour to Watt-hour Megawatt-hour to Kilowatt-hour Megawatt-hour to Calorie Megawatt-hour to Kilocalorie Megawatt-hour to British Thermal Unit Megawatt-hour to Therm Megawatt-hour to Foot-pound Megawatt-hour to Electronvolt Megawatt-hour to Erg Megawatt-hour to Quad Calorie to Joule Calorie to Kilojoule Calorie to Megajoule Calorie to Gigajoule Calorie to Watt-hour Calorie to Kilowatt-hour Calorie to Megawatt-hour Calorie to Kilocalorie Calorie to British Thermal Unit Calorie to Therm Calorie to Foot-pound Calorie to Electronvolt Calorie to Erg Calorie to Quad Kilocalorie to Joule Kilocalorie to Kilojoule Kilocalorie to Megajoule Kilocalorie to Gigajoule Kilocalorie to Watt-hour Kilocalorie to Kilowatt-hour Kilocalorie to Megawatt-hour Kilocalorie to Calorie

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Other Energy Units and Conversions

Explore other energy units and their conversion options:

Joule (J) • Erg to Joule
Kilojoule (kJ) • Erg to Kilojoule
Megajoule (MJ) • Erg to Megajoule
Gigajoule (GJ) • Erg to Gigajoule
Watt-hour (Wh) • Erg to Watt-hour
Megawatt-hour (MWh) • Erg to Megawatt-hour
Calorie (cal) • Erg to Calorie
Kilocalorie (kcal) • Erg to Kilocalorie
British Thermal Unit (BTU) • Erg to British Thermal Unit
Therm (therm) • Erg to Therm

View all energy units →

Verified Against Authority Standards

All conversion formulas have been verified against international standards and authoritative sources to ensure maximum accuracy and reliability.

NIST Reference on Constants, Units and Uncertainty

National Institute of Standards and Technology — Fundamental physical constants and unit conversions

BIPM SI Units

Bureau International des Poids et Mesures — International System of Units (SI) definitions and standards

ISO 80000

International Organization for Standardization — Quantities and units international standards series

Last verified: February 19, 2026

Erg to Kilowatt-hour Converter

Quick Answer

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Erg to Kilowatt-hour Calculator

How to Use the Erg to Kilowatt-hour Calculator:

How to Convert Erg to Kilowatt-hour: Step-by-Step Guide

Formula:

Example Calculation:

What is a Erg and a Kilowatt-hour?

Precise Equivalents

Power vs. Energy: The Critical Distinction

History of the Erg and Kilowatt-hour

The Birth of Electrical Metering (1880s-1890s)

Standardization and the International Electrical Congress (1893)

Samuel Insull and Modern Utility Economics (1890s-1920s)

The Electrification Revolution (1920s-1960s)

Modern Era: Smart Meters and Real-Time kWh (2000s-Present)

Common Uses and Applications: ergs vs kilowatt-hours

Common Uses for ergs

When to Use kilowatt-hours

1. Electricity Billing (Residential, Commercial, Industrial)

2. Appliance Energy Efficiency Ratings

3. Electric Vehicle Specifications

4. Solar and Renewable Energy Production

5. Carbon Footprint Calculations

6. Battery Storage Systems (Home and Grid)

Additional Unit Information

About Erg (erg)

How do I convert erg to joules?

How do I convert erg to kWh?

What is Erg used for?

About Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

How much does 1 kWh of electricity cost?

What is the difference between kW and kWh?

How many kWh does an average home use per day?

How do I calculate my appliance's kWh usage?

How many kWh does it take to charge an electric vehicle?

How many kilowatt-hours are in a gallon of gasoline?

What is a megawatt-hour (MWh) or gigawatt-hour (GWh)?

How accurate are electricity meters?

Can I run my house on a generator? How many kWh?

How many solar panels do I need to generate X kWh?

Conversion Table: Erg to Kilowatt-hour

People Also Ask

How do I convert Erg to Kilowatt-hour?

What is the conversion factor from Erg to Kilowatt-hour?

Can I convert Kilowatt-hour back to Erg?

What are common uses for Erg and Kilowatt-hour?

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