Centimeter to Millimeter Converter

Convert centimeters to millimeters with our free online length converter.

Quick Answer

1 Centimeter = 10 millimeters

Formula: Centimeter × conversion factor = Millimeter

Use the calculator below for instant, accurate conversions.

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All conversion formulas on UnitsConverter.io have been verified against NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) guidelines and international SI standards. Our calculations are accurate to 10 decimal places for standard conversions and use arbitrary precision arithmetic for astronomical units.

Last verified: December 2025|Reviewed by: Sam Mathew, Software Engineer

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How to Use the Centimeter to Millimeter Calculator:

Enter the value you want to convert in the 'From' field (Centimeter).
The converted value in Millimeter will appear automatically in the 'To' field.
Use the dropdown menus to select different units within the Length category.
Click the swap button (⇌) to reverse the conversion direction.

How to Convert Centimeter to Millimeter: Step-by-Step Guide

Converting Centimeter to Millimeter involves multiplying the value by a specific conversion factor, as shown in the formula below.

Formula:

1 Centimeter = 10 millimeters

Example Calculation:

Convert 10 centimeters: 10 × 10 = 100 millimeters

Disclaimer: For Reference Only

These conversion results are provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, we make no guarantees regarding the precision of these results, especially for conversions involving extremely large or small numbers which may be subject to the inherent limitations of standard computer floating-point arithmetic.

Not for professional use. Results should be verified before use in any critical application. View our Terms of Service for more information.

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What is a Centimeter and a Millimeter?

The centimeter (symbol: cm) is a unit of length equal to exactly one-hundredth of a meter (1/100 m or 0.01 m). It's also equal to exactly 10 millimeters.

The centimeter is part of the International System of Units (SI) and uses the metric prefix "centi-" meaning one-hundredth (from Latin centum, "hundred").

Mathematical Relationships

1 centimeter equals:

10 millimeters (mm)
0.01 meters (m)
0.00001 kilometers (km)
0.393701 inches (in)
0.0328084 feet (ft)

Key conversion:

1 inch = 2.54 cm exactly (this is the official international definition established in 1959)

Why Centimeters?

While the meter is the official SI base unit for length, centimeters are more practical for everyday measurements:

Too small for meters, too large for millimeters: A person who is 1.75 meters tall is more commonly described as 175 centimeters in metric countries. Writing "1.75 m" requires decimals; "175 cm" uses whole numbers.

Human-scale convenience: Most objects people interact with daily—clothing, screens, body measurements, food items—fall naturally into the 1-100 cm range.

Avoids decimal confusion: "15.2 cm" is clearer than "0.152 m" for most people.

The millimeter (symbol: mm) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to one-thousandth of a meter (1/1,000 m) or one-tenth of a centimeter (1/10 cm). It is used for precise measurements in engineering, manufacturing, and everyday applications.

Key relationships:

1 millimeter = 0.001 meters (m)
1 millimeter = 0.1 centimeters (cm)
10 millimeters = 1 centimeter
1,000 millimeters = 1 meter
1 millimeter ≈ 0.03937 inches (about 1/25th inch)
25.4 millimeters = 1 inch (exactly)

The prefix "milli-":

From Latin "mille" meaning "thousand"
SI prefix denoting 10⁻³ (one-thousandth)
Also used in: milligram (mg), milliliter (mL), millisecond (ms)

Visual perspective (how big is it?):

1 mm = Thickness of a credit card
2 mm = Thickness of a US dime
5 mm = Thickness of a pencil lead (mechanical)
10 mm = Width of an adult fingernail
25.4 mm = Exactly one inch

Convert between length units: mm converter

Note: The Centimeter is part of the metric (SI) system, primarily used globally in science and trade. The Millimeter belongs to the metric (SI) system.

History of the Centimeter and Millimeter

French Revolution and the Birth of the Metric System

1790s: Revolutionary Innovation: The centimeter was born from the French Revolution's ambition to create a rational, universal measurement system based on nature and decimal mathematics.

The Meter Foundation: In 1791, the French Academy of Sciences defined the meter as one ten-millionth (1/10,000,000) of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along the meridian passing through Paris. The centimeter automatically followed as 1/100 of this meter.

Latin Roots: The prefix "centi-" derives from the Latin centum (hundred), making "centimeter" literally "hundredth of a meter."

1795 Official Adoption: France officially adopted the metric system on April 7, 1795, including the centimeter as a standard subdivision of the meter.

CGS System: The Centimeter's Scientific Era

1874: The Centimeter-Gram-Second System: British scientists James Clerk Maxwell and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) promoted the CGS system, which used:

Centimeter for length (instead of meter)
Gram for mass (instead of kilogram)
Second for time

Scientific Dominance: The CGS system became the preferred standard for physics and chemistry throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many scientific formulas and units were developed using centimeters.

Legacy Units: Several units still reflect the CGS heritage:

Poise (viscosity): measured in gram/(centimeter·second)
Erg (energy): gram·centimeter²/second²
Gauss (magnetic field): CGS unit for magnetic flux density

Transition to SI and the Modern Era

1960: The SI System: The International System of Units (SI) was officially established, promoting the meter-kilogram-second (MKS) system instead of CGS.

Centimeter's Continued Relevance: Despite the official SI preference for meters, centimeters remained dominant for everyday measurements because:

They're more practical for human-scale objects
They avoid decimals for most common measurements
They're familiar and intuitive

Global Adoption: Today, 195 of 198 countries use the metric system, with centimeters as the standard for body height, clothing, and everyday measurements. Only the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia officially use non-metric systems.

Metric System Origins: The millimeter was defined as a subunit of the meter when the metric system was established in France during the late 18th century (1790s). As measurement standardization progressed, the need for decimal subdivisions of the meter became clear.
Industrial Revolution: The millimeter became essential during the 19th century Industrial Revolution as:
- Precision machining required fine tolerances
- Interchangeable parts manufacturing emerged
- Engineering drawings needed standard units
- Technical specifications became international
Engineering Adoption: By the mid-19th century, engineers and machinists worldwide adopted millimeters as the standard for:
- Machine tool specifications
- Tolerance requirements (±0.1 mm common)
- Technical drawing dimensions
- Quality control measurements
Scientific Standardization: The millimeter became standard in scientific research for:
- Laboratory equipment calibration
- Microscopy measurements
- Specimen documentation
- Experimental apparatus dimensions
SI Formalization: When the International System of Units (SI) was established in 1960, the millimeter was confirmed as an official subdivision of the meter, forming part of the coherent decimal system.
Modern Manufacturing: The 20th century saw millimeters become universal in:
- Automotive engineering specifications
- Electronics manufacturing (PCB design)
- Aerospace tolerances
- Medical device specifications
- Consumer product dimensions
Global Standard: Today, millimeters are the primary unit for precision measurements in virtually every country except the United States (which uses both mm and inches). Even in the US, many technical fields have adopted millimeters as standard.

Common Uses and Applications: centimeters vs millimeters

Explore the typical applications for both Centimeter (metric) and Millimeter (metric) to understand their common contexts.

Common Uses for centimeters

Medical and Healthcare

Growth Charts: Children's height is tracked in centimeters from birth:

Pediatricians plot growth on percentile charts
Birth length recorded in cm (typically 45-55 cm)
Annual height measurements track development

Medical Measurements:

Wound size: "3 cm laceration"
Tumor diameter: measured in cm for staging
Organ size: "enlarged liver extending 4 cm below rib cage"
Dilation during childbirth: measured in cm (0-10 cm)

Medical Equipment:

Blood pressure cuff width: 12-13 cm for adults
Surgical incision length: documented in cm
Catheter diameter: measured in mm, length in cm

Education and School Supplies

Rulers and Measuring Tools: Most rulers worldwide show centimeters:

Standard ruler: 15 cm or 30 cm length
Meter stick: 100 cm with cm markings
Tape measures: marked in cm (and meters)

Paper Sizes (International ISO 216 Standard):

A4 paper: 21 × 29.7 cm (most common worldwide)
A5 paper: 14.8 × 21 cm (half of A4)
A3 paper: 29.7 × 42 cm (double A4)
Letter size (US): 21.6 × 27.9 cm (8.5 × 11 inches)

School Supplies:

Pencil length: 19 cm (new)
Notebook width: 15-21 cm
Eraser length: 4-6 cm

Construction and Home Improvement

Tile Sizes: Floor and wall tiles measured in cm:

Small tiles: 10×10 cm
Medium tiles: 30×30 cm
Large format tiles: 60×60 cm or 80×80 cm
Subway tiles: 7.5×15 cm

Furniture Dimensions:

Coffee table height: 40-50 cm
Dining table height: 75 cm (standard)
Chair seat height: 45-50 cm
Sofa seat depth: 50-60 cm

Door Measurements:

Standard interior door width: 80-90 cm
Standard door height: 200-210 cm
Door thickness: 3.5-4.5 cm

Art, Design, and Photography

Photo Print Sizes:

10×15 cm (4×6 inches) - standard print
13×18 cm (5×7 inches)
20×25 cm (8×10 inches)
30×40 cm (12×16 inches)

Canvas and Frame Sizes: Art supply stores sell in metric:

Small canvas: 20×25 cm
Medium canvas: 30×40 cm
Large canvas: 50×70 cm

Drawing and Design:

Technical drawings: dimensioned in cm or mm
Graph paper: 0.5 cm or 1 cm grids
Architectural scales: often use 1:50 or 1:100 (cm-based)

Sports and Recreation

Swimming Pool Depth: Measured in cm or meters:

Shallow end: 90-120 cm
Deep end: 180-300 cm
Competition pool depth: minimum 200 cm

Bicycle Frame Sizes: Road bikes measured in cm:

Small frame: 48-52 cm
Medium frame: 54-56 cm
Large frame: 58-62 cm

Sports Equipment:

Tennis ball diameter: 6.5-6.7 cm
Golf ball diameter: 4.3 cm
Basketball diameter: 24 cm

When to Use millimeters

The millimeter is the standard unit for precise measurements across multiple fields:

Engineering & Machining

Precise measurement requirements for manufacturing, quality control, and technical specifications. Essential for maintaining tolerances in mechanical parts.

Why millimeters in engineering:

Decimal system (easy calculations)
International standard (ISO)
Suitable precision range
Compatible with CNC machinery
Standard drawing units

Applications:

Machine tool specifications
Part tolerances (±0.05 mm common)
Technical drawing dimensions
CAD/CAM software units
Quality inspection reports

Convert for technical work: mm to inches | mm to cm

Technical Design & Drafting

Standard measurement unit for architectural, mechanical, and technical drawings worldwide.

Drawing Standards:

ISO standards use millimeters
Engineering drawings in mm
Architecture plans (many countries)
Product design specifications
Patent drawings (international)

Why mm for drawings:

Eliminates fractions (unlike inches)
Scales easily (1:10, 1:100, etc.)
International communication
CAD software standard

Electronics & PCB Design

Measuring component sizes, trace widths, and circuit board dimensions in electronic manufacturing.

PCB Design:

Trace width: 0.25-1 mm
Component footprints: mm specifications
Hole diameters: 0.6-1.2 mm
Board thickness: 1.6 mm standard
Component spacing: mm grid

Component Specs:

All modern ICs specified in mm
Resistor/capacitor sizes (mm codes)
Connector dimensions
Display module sizes

Meteorology & Climate

Measuring rainfall amounts with precision, essential for weather forecasting, agriculture, and climate research.

Rain Gauges:

Standard measurement unit worldwide
Collected in graduated cylinders (mm scale)
Automated weather stations use mm
Historical records in mm
Climate data standardized

Importance:

Drought assessment
Flood prediction
Agricultural planning
Water resource management
Climate change tracking

Use our mm converter for scientific calculations.

Manufacturing & Quality Control

Inspecting product dimensions and ensuring parts meet specifications within required tolerances.

QC Measurements:

Caliper readings in mm
Micrometer measurements
Coordinate measuring machines (CMM)
Surface profile measurements
Dimensional inspection reports

Industries:

Automotive parts
Aerospace components
Medical devices
Consumer electronics
Precision instruments

Jewelry & Watchmaking

Specifying sizes of gems, watch cases, and jewelry components with precision.

Why jewelers use mm:

International gem standard
Precise size communication
Watch industry standard
Setting specifications
Customer communication

Measurements:

Gemstone dimensions
Ring widths and thicknesses
Watch case diameters
Bracelet link sizes
Clasp dimensions

Medical Measurements

Documenting precise measurements in diagnostics, surgery planning, and treatment monitoring.

Clinical Uses:

Imaging measurements (CT, MRI, X-ray)
Tumor size tracking
Surgical planning
Needle specifications
Medical device dimensions

Why mm in medicine:

International standard
Appropriate precision
Imaging system default
Research compatibility
Treatment standardization

Additional Unit Information

About Millimeter (mm)

How many millimeters are in a centimeter?

There are exactly 10 millimeters (mm) in 1 centimeter (cm).

Conversion:

1 cm = 10 mm
To convert cm to mm: multiply by 10
To convert mm to cm: divide by 10

Examples:

5 cm = 50 mm
2.5 cm = 25 mm
75 mm = 7.5 cm

Memory aid: "Centi-" means 1/100 meter, "milli-" means 1/1,000 meter, so 10 mm = 1 cm.

Use our cm to mm converter for instant conversions.

How many millimeters are in a meter?

There are exactly 1,000 millimeters (mm) in 1 meter (m).

Conversion:

1 m = 1,000 mm
To convert m to mm: multiply by 1,000
To convert mm to m: divide by 1,000

Examples:

0.5 m = 500 mm
1.5 m = 1,500 mm
2,750 mm = 2.75 m

Remember: "Milli-" means one-thousandth, so it takes 1,000 mm to make 1 meter.

Convert: mm to meters | meters to mm

What does 'milli' mean in millimeter?

The prefix 'milli-' denotes one-thousandth (1/1,000).

Meaning:

Comes from Latin "mille" meaning "thousand"
In metric system: milli- = 10⁻³ = 1/1,000
1 millimeter = 1/1,000 of a meter = 0.001 m

Other "milli-" units:

Milligram (mg) = 1/1,000 gram
Milliliter (mL) = 1/1,000 liter
Millisecond (ms) = 1/1,000 second
Milliamp (mA) = 1/1,000 ampere

Pattern: Always divide by 1,000 to get the base unit.

How thick is 1 millimeter?

1 millimeter is very thin - about the thickness of:

Common objects:

Credit card: 0.76 mm (slightly thinner)
US dime: 1.35 mm (slightly thicker)
10 sheets of paper: ~1 mm
Paperclip wire: ~1 mm diameter
Mechanical pencil lead (0.7mm): Slightly thinner

Visual comparison:

Thinner than a US penny (1.55 mm)
About 1/25th of an inch (0.04 inches)
10 millimeters = 1 cm = width of fingernail

To visualize: Look at the edge of a credit card - that's less than 1 mm.

How many mm in an inch?

1 inch = 25.4 millimeters exactly (by international agreement).

This is a defined conversion (not an approximation):

1 inch ≡ 25.4 mm (exact)
1 mm = 1/25.4 inch ≈ 0.03937 inches

Common conversions:

1 inch = 25.4 mm
2 inches = 50.8 mm
3 inches = 76.2 mm
4 inches = 101.6 mm
12 inches (1 foot) = 304.8 mm

Reverse examples:

10 mm ≈ 0.394 inches
25 mm ≈ 0.984 inches (almost 1 inch)
50 mm ≈ 1.969 inches (almost 2 inches)

Memory trick: 25 mm is almost 1 inch (close enough for quick estimates).

Use our inch to mm converter for precise conversions.

What is 10mm in real life?

10 millimeters = 1 centimeter - about the width of an adult fingernail.

Common 10mm objects:

Fingernail width (adult index finger)
AA battery diameter: 14 mm (close)
Small marble: ~10-15 mm diameter
M10 bolt diameter: 10 mm
Thick cardboard: ~10 mm

Comparisons:

Just under 0.4 inches (0.394 inches exactly)
Thickness of 100 sheets of paper
About 3/8 inch (slightly larger)

In measurements:

Camera/phone thickness: Often 7-10 mm
Watch case thickness: Often 10-12 mm
Pencil diameter: ~7-8 mm (10mm would be thick)

How do you read a metric ruler?

Metric rulers are divided into centimeters (cm) and millimeters (mm):

Reading steps:

Large numbers: Centimeters (0, 1, 2, 3...)
Long lines: Each centimeter mark
Short lines: Millimeters (10 per cm)
Count: From zero to your measurement point

Example reading:

Between 3 and 4 cm, at the 7th small line = 3.7 cm or 37 mm
At the 15th cm mark = 15 cm or 150 mm

Tips:

10 small marks = 1 cm
Each small mark = 1 mm
Halfway between cm marks = 5 mm
Read to nearest 0.5 mm for precision

Reporting:

Small objects: Use mm (e.g., "15 mm")
Larger objects: Use cm (e.g., "15.5 cm")
Both are correct, choose clearer one

What tools measure millimeters?

Many tools measure in millimeters:

Hand Tools:

Metric ruler: Basic measurement to 1 mm
Metric tape measure: Construction/carpentry
Caliper: Precision to 0.01 mm (digital/vernier)
Micrometer: Very precise, to 0.001 mm
Depth gauge: Measuring depths and heights

Digital Tools:

Digital caliper: Easy reading, 0.01 mm precision
Laser distance meter: Millimeter accuracy
Height gauge: Vertical measurements
Coordinate measuring machine (CMM): Industrial precision

Specialized Tools:

Feeler gauge: Thin strips in mm thicknesses
Thread gauge: Checking thread pitch (mm)
Bore gauge: Internal diameter measurement
Pin gauge: Precision hole measurement

Which to use:

Ruler: General purpose (±0.5 mm)
Caliper: Precision work (±0.01 mm)
Micrometer: Very tight tolerances (±0.001 mm)

Is mm smaller than cm?

Yes, millimeters (mm) are smaller than centimeters (cm).

Relationship:

1 cm = 10 mm
1 mm = 0.1 cm
Millimeter is 10 times smaller than centimeter

Scale comparison:

Largest: meter (m)
Middle: centimeter (cm) = 1/100 m
Smallest: millimeter (mm) = 1/1,000 m

Visual:

Width of fingernail: 1 cm = 10 mm
Thickness of dime: 1.35 mm (can't easily express in cm)

When to use each:

Use mm: Small, precise measurements (< 100 mm)
Use cm: Medium measurements (1-100 cm)
Use m: Large measurements (> 1 meter)

Example:

Pencil length: 19 cm or 190 mm (19 cm clearer)
Wire diameter: 2 mm (not 0.2 cm - awkward)

How much rain is 1mm?

1 millimeter of rain means 1 mm depth of water would cover a flat surface if none drained away.

What it means:

1 mm rain = 1 liter per square meter of water
Light drizzle might produce 1-2 mm/hour
Barely enough to wet the ground thoroughly

Rain intensity scale:

Trace-1 mm: Very light drizzle
1-2 mm: Light rain
2-5 mm: Light to moderate rain
5-10 mm: Moderate rain
10-20 mm: Heavy rain
20-50 mm: Very heavy rain
>50 mm: Extreme rainfall (per hour)

Practical impact:

1 mm: Barely wets surfaces
10 mm: Significant watering
25 mm: Heavy rain event
100 mm: Major storm (in 24 hours)

Measurement:

Rain gauge collects water
Depth measured in mm
Standard worldwide for weather reporting

Conversion Table: Centimeter to Millimeter

Centimeter (cm)	Millimeter (mm)
0.5	5
1	10
1.5	15
2	20
5	50
10	100
25	250
50	500
100	1,000
250	2,500
500	5,000
1,000	10,000

How do I convert Centimeter to Millimeter?

To convert Centimeter to Millimeter, enter the value in Centimeter in the calculator above. The conversion will happen automatically. Use our free online converter for instant and accurate results. You can also visit our length converter page to convert between other units in this category.

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What is the conversion factor from Centimeter to Millimeter?

The conversion factor depends on the specific relationship between Centimeter and Millimeter. You can find the exact conversion formula and factor on this page. Our calculator handles all calculations automatically. See the conversion table above for common values.

Can I convert Millimeter back to Centimeter?

Yes! You can easily convert Millimeter back to Centimeter by using the swap button (⇌) in the calculator above, or by visiting our Millimeter to Centimeter converter page. You can also explore other length conversions on our category page.

Learn more →

What are common uses for Centimeter and Millimeter?

Centimeter and Millimeter are both standard units used in length measurements. They are commonly used in various applications including engineering, construction, cooking, and scientific research. Browse our length converter for more conversion options.

For more length conversion questions, visit our FAQ page or explore our conversion guides.

Helpful Conversion Guides

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📚 How to Convert Units

Step-by-step guide to unit conversion with practical examples.

🔢 Conversion Formulas

Essential formulas for length and other conversions.

⚖️ Metric vs Imperial

Understand the differences between measurement systems.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

Learn about frequent errors and how to avoid them.

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All Length Conversions

Meter to Kilometer Meter to Hectometer Meter to Decimeter Meter to Centimeter Meter to Millimeter Meter to Inch Meter to Foot Meter to Yard Meter to Mile Meter to Nautical Mile Meter to Micrometer Meter to Nanometer Meter to Light Year Meter to Astronomical Unit Meter to Parsec Meter to Angstrom Meter to Point (Typography)Meter to Mil/Thou Meter to Fathom Meter to Furlong Meter to Link (Gunter's)Meter to Pace Meter to Span Meter to Digit Meter to Cable Length Meter to Ell Meter to Finger Meter to Roman Mile Meter to Stadion Meter to Chi (Chinese)Meter to Shaku (Japanese)Meter to Li (Chinese)Meter to Toise Meter to Bolt Meter to Rope Meter to Smoot Meter to Sajene Meter to Ken Meter to Wa Meter to Vara Meter to Aln Meter to Cubit (Royal/Egyptian)Meter to Versta Meter to Arpent Meter to Ri (Japanese)Meter to Klafter Meter to Yojana Meter to Skein Kilometer to Meter Kilometer to Hectometer Kilometer to Decimeter Kilometer to Centimeter Kilometer to Millimeter Kilometer to Inch Kilometer to Foot Kilometer to Yard Kilometer to Mile Kilometer to Nautical Mile Kilometer to Micrometer Kilometer to Nanometer Kilometer to Light Year Kilometer to Astronomical Unit Kilometer to Parsec Kilometer to Angstrom Kilometer to Point (Typography)Kilometer to Mil/Thou Kilometer to Fathom Kilometer to Furlong Kilometer to Link (Gunter's)Kilometer to Pace Kilometer to Span Kilometer to Digit Kilometer to Cable Length Kilometer to Ell Kilometer to Finger Kilometer to Roman Mile Kilometer to Stadion Kilometer to Chi (Chinese)Kilometer to Shaku (Japanese)Kilometer to Li (Chinese)Kilometer to Toise Kilometer to Bolt Kilometer to Rope Kilometer to Smoot Kilometer to Sajene Kilometer to Ken Kilometer to Wa Kilometer to Vara Kilometer to Aln Kilometer to Cubit (Royal/Egyptian)Kilometer to Versta Kilometer to Arpent Kilometer to Ri (Japanese)Kilometer to Klafter Kilometer to Yojana Kilometer to Skein Hectometer to Meter Hectometer to Kilometer Hectometer to Decimeter Hectometer to Centimeter Hectometer to Millimeter Hectometer to Inch Hectometer to Foot Hectometer to Yard Hectometer to Mile Hectometer to Nautical Mile Hectometer to Micrometer Hectometer to Nanometer Hectometer to Light Year Hectometer to Astronomical Unit Hectometer to Parsec Hectometer to Angstrom Hectometer to Point (Typography)Hectometer to Mil/Thou Hectometer to Fathom Hectometer to Furlong Hectometer to Link (Gunter's)Hectometer to Pace Hectometer to Span Hectometer to Digit

Metric Prefix Guide

Understanding Metric Prefixes

The metric system uses standard prefixes to indicate multiples or fractions of base units. For example, converting from centimeter to millimeter involves a multiplication factor of 0.001.

Prefix	Symbol	Power	Multiplier	Example
deca	da	10¹	10	decagram (dag)
(base)		10⁰	1	meter (m)
deci	d	10⁻¹	0.1	decigram (dg)
centi	c	10⁻²	0.01	centigram (cg)
milli	m	10⁻³	0.001	milligram (mg)
micro	μ	10⁻⁶	0.000001	microgram (μg)
nano	n	10⁻⁹	0.000000001	nanogram (ng)
pico	p	10⁻¹²	0.000000000001	picogram (pg)

Note: To convert between prefixed units, multiply or divide by powers of 10. For conversions betweencentimeter and millimeter, multiply by 0.001.

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