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Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration Converter

Convert cal/s to TR with our free online power converter.

Quick Answer

1 Calorie per Second = 0.00119 TR

Formula: Calorie per Second Ɨ conversion factor = Ton of Refrigeration

Use the calculator below for instant, accurate conversions.

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All conversion formulas on UnitsConverter.io have been verified against NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) guidelines and international SI standards. Our calculations are accurate to 10 decimal places for standard conversions and use arbitrary precision arithmetic for astronomical units.

Last verified: February 2026Reviewed by: Sam Mathew, Software Engineer

Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration Calculator

How to Use the Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration Calculator:

  1. Enter the value you want to convert in the 'From' field (Calorie per Second).
  2. The converted value in Ton of Refrigeration will appear automatically in the 'To' field.
  3. Use the dropdown menus to select different units within the Power category.
  4. Click the swap button (ā‡Œ) to reverse the conversion direction.
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How to Convert Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration: Step-by-Step Guide

Converting Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration involves multiplying the value by a specific conversion factor, as shown in the formula below.

Formula:

TR = cal/s Ɨ 0.0011897

Example Calculation:

1 cal/s = 0.00119 TR

Disclaimer: For Reference Only

These conversion results are provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, we make no guarantees regarding the precision of these results, especially for conversions involving extremely large or small numbers which may be subject to the inherent limitations of standard computer floating-point arithmetic.

Not for professional use. Results should be verified before use in any critical application. View our Terms of Service for more information.

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What is a Calorie per Second and a Ton of Refrigeration?

1 cal/s = 4.184 W = 0.004184 kW = 0.0056 hp = 14.29 BTU/h

Note: This uses IT (International Table) calorie = 4.1868 J (standard)

1 ton of refrigeration (TR) = 12,000 BTU/h = 3.517 kW = 3,024 kcal/h

Origin: Heat absorbed by melting 1 ton (2,000 lbs) of ice at 32Ā°F in 24 hours

Note: The Calorie per Second is part of the imperial/US customary system, primarily used in the US, UK, and Canada for everyday measurements. The Ton of Refrigeration belongs to the imperial/US customary system.

Common Uses and Applications: cal/s vs TR

Explore the typical applications for both Calorie per Second (imperial/US) and Ton of Refrigeration (imperial/US) to understand their common contexts.

Common Uses for cal/s

Physics Education: Thermodynamics problems, heat transfer calculations. Older Literature: Pre-SI engineering texts, vintage HVAC data. Scientific: Some chemistry and biology applications. Rarely Modern: Watts or kilocalories per hour preferred today.

When to Use TR

Residential AC: Home air conditioning systems (1.5-5 tons typical). Commercial HVAC: Office buildings, retail (10-200 tons per system). Industrial Refrigeration: Cold storage, food processing (50-500+ tons). Chiller Systems: Large building cooling, data centers.

Additional Unit Information

About Calorie per Second (cal/s)

How do I convert cal/s to watts or kW?

Formula:

  • W = cal/s Ɨ 4.184
  • kW = cal/s Ɨ 0.004184

Examples:

  • 1 cal/s = 4.184 W
  • 10 cal/s = 41.84 W
  • 100 cal/s = 418.4 W = 0.418 kW
  • 1,000 cal/s = 4,184 W = 4.184 kW

cal/s to Watts converter ā†’ cal/s to kW converter ā†’

What is the difference between cal/s and kcal/h?

cal/s = Small calorie per second (rapid power) kcal/h = Kilocalorie (food Calorie) per hour (slower rate)

Conversion: 1 cal/s = 3.6 kcal/h

Usage:

  • cal/s: Physics, instant power measurements
  • kcal/h: Metabolism, HVAC (some regions)

Example: 70W human at rest

  • As watts: 70 W
  • As cal/s: 16.7 cal/s
  • As kcal/h: 60 kcal/h

How do I calculate heat transfer in cal/s?

Formula: Power (cal/s) = Heat (cal) Ć· Time (s)

Example: Melting ice

  • Ice mass: 100 g
  • Heat needed: 8,000 cal (80 cal/g latent heat)
  • Time: 60 seconds
  • Power: 8,000 Ć· 60 = 133 cal/s = 558 W

Heating water:

  • Water: 1 kg (1,000 g)
  • Temperature rise: 10Ā°C
  • Heat needed: 10,000 cal (1 cal/gā‹…Ā°C Ɨ 1,000g Ɨ 10Ā°C)
  • Time: 100 seconds
  • Power: 10,000 Ć· 100 = 100 cal/s = 418 W

Why use watts instead of cal/s?

SI standard: Watts are internationally standardized (1 W = 1 J/s) Simpler: Avoids cal vs kcal vs Cal confusion Electrical: All electrical power in watts Universal: Works across all energy forms (mechanical, electrical, thermal)

Exception: Some nutrition/metabolism research still uses cal/s or kcal/h for historical consistency.

About Ton of Refrigeration (TR)

How many tons of AC do I need?

Basic calculation: Square footage Ć· 400-600 = tons needed

More accurate method:

  1. Calculate BTU/h needed (sq ft Ɨ 20-25 BTU/h)
  2. Divide by 12,000 to get tons

Example (1,800 sq ft home):

  • BTU/h needed: 1,800 Ɨ 22 = 39,600 BTU/h
  • Tons needed: 39,600 Ć· 12,000 = 3.3 tons
  • Choose: 3 ton or 3.5 ton system

Factors affecting sizing:

  • Climate zone (hot = more, moderate = less)
  • Insulation quality
  • Window area and orientation
  • Ceiling height
  • Number of occupants
  • Heat-generating appliances

[AC sizing calculator]

How do I convert tons to BTU/h or kW?

Formulas:

  • BTU/h = Tons Ɨ 12,000
  • kW = Tons Ɨ 3.517

Examples:

  • 2 tons = 24,000 BTU/h = 7.03 kW
  • 3 tons = 36,000 BTU/h = 10.55 kW
  • 4 tons = 48,000 BTU/h = 14.07 kW
  • 5 tons = 60,000 BTU/h = 17.58 kW

Reverse:

  • BTU/h Ć· 12,000 = Tons
  • kW Ć· 3.517 = Tons

Tons to BTU/h converter ā†’ Tons to kW converter ā†’

Why is it called a "ton" of refrigeration?

Historical origin: In the 1800s, ice production was measured by tons of ice produced.

The definition: 1 ton of refrigeration = cooling power needed to freeze 1 ton (2,000 pounds) of water at 32Ā°F into ice in 24 hours.

The math:

  • Latent heat of ice: 144 BTU per pound
  • 2,000 lbs Ɨ 144 BTU/lb = 288,000 BTU in 24 hours
  • 288,000 BTU Ć· 24 hours = 12,000 BTU/h

Modern usage: The unit stuck even though we no longer use ice for cooling. It's purely a power measurement, NOT a weight!

What size AC for 2000 sq ft?

Typical: 3-4 tons (36,000-48,000 BTU/h)

Calculation (using 20 BTU/h per sq ft):

  • 2,000 sq ft Ɨ 20 = 40,000 BTU/h
  • 40,000 Ć· 12,000 = 3.33 tons
  • Result: 3-ton or 3.5-ton system

Climate adjustments:

  • Hot climate (Arizona, Florida): 4 tons (higher load)
  • Moderate climate: 3-3.5 tons
  • Cool climate (Northern states): 2.5-3 tons

Other factors:

  • Well-insulated home: Can use smaller (3 tons)
  • Poor insulation, lots of windows: Need larger (4 tons)
  • High ceilings: Add 10-20%
  • Multiple stories: May need multiple smaller units

Is bigger better for AC tonnage?

NO! Oversizing causes problems:

Issues with oversized AC:

  • Short cycling: Turns on/off frequently, wears out faster
  • Poor dehumidification: Doesn't run long enough to remove humidity
  • Hot/cold spots: Uneven cooling
  • Higher energy bills: Inefficient operation
  • Shorter lifespan: More wear and tear

Ideal sizing: AC should run 15-20 minutes per cycle, cycling 2-3 times per hour on hot days

Example:

  • 1,500 sq ft home needs 2.5-3 tons
  • Installing 5 tons would be wasteful and problematic
  • Better to size correctly or slightly undersize than oversize

Conversion Table: Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration

Calorie per Second (cal/s)Ton of Refrigeration (TR)
0.50.001
10.001
1.50.002
20.002
50.006
100.012
250.03
500.06
1000.119
2500.297
5000.595
1,0001.19

People Also Ask

How do I convert Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration?

To convert Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration, enter the value in Calorie per Second in the calculator above. The conversion will happen automatically. Use our free online converter for instant and accurate results. You can also visit our power converter page to convert between other units in this category.

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What is the conversion factor from Calorie per Second to Ton of Refrigeration?

The conversion factor depends on the specific relationship between Calorie per Second and Ton of Refrigeration. You can find the exact conversion formula and factor on this page. Our calculator handles all calculations automatically. See the conversion table above for common values.

Can I convert Ton of Refrigeration back to Calorie per Second?

Yes! You can easily convert Ton of Refrigeration back to Calorie per Second by using the swap button (ā‡Œ) in the calculator above, or by visiting our Ton of Refrigeration to Calorie per Second converter page. You can also explore other power conversions on our category page.

Learn more ā†’

What are common uses for Calorie per Second and Ton of Refrigeration?

Calorie per Second and Ton of Refrigeration are both standard units used in power measurements. They are commonly used in various applications including engineering, construction, cooking, and scientific research. Browse our power converter for more conversion options.

For more power conversion questions, visit our FAQ page or explore our conversion guides.

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Verified Against Authority Standards

All conversion formulas have been verified against international standards and authoritative sources to ensure maximum accuracy and reliability.

NIST Reference on Constants, Units and Uncertainty

National Institute of Standards and Technology ā€” Fundamental physical constants and unit conversions

BIPM SI Units

Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ā€” International System of Units (SI) definitions and standards

ISO 80000

International Organization for Standardization ā€” Quantities and units international standards series

Last verified: February 19, 2026