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Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter Converter

Convert atmospheres to kilograms-force per square centimeter with our free online pressure converter.

Quick Answer

1 Atmosphere = 1.033227 kilograms-force per square centimeter

Formula: Atmosphere × conversion factor = Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter

Use the calculator below for instant, accurate conversions.

Our Accuracy Guarantee

All conversion formulas on UnitsConverter.io have been verified against NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) guidelines and international SI standards. Our calculations are accurate to 10 decimal places for standard conversions and use arbitrary precision arithmetic for astronomical units.

Last verified: February 2026Reviewed by: Sam Mathew, Software Engineer

Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter Calculator

How to Use the Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter Calculator:

  1. Enter the value you want to convert in the 'From' field (Atmosphere).
  2. The converted value in Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter will appear automatically in the 'To' field.
  3. Use the dropdown menus to select different units within the Pressure category.
  4. Click the swap button (⇌) to reverse the conversion direction.
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How to Convert Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter: Step-by-Step Guide

Converting Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter involves multiplying the value by a specific conversion factor, as shown in the formula below.

Formula:

kgf/cm² = atm × 1.03323

Example Calculation:

1 atm = 1.033227 kgf/cm²

Disclaimer: For Reference Only

These conversion results are provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, we make no guarantees regarding the precision of these results, especially for conversions involving extremely large or small numbers which may be subject to the inherent limitations of standard computer floating-point arithmetic.

Not for professional use. Results should be verified before use in any critical application. View our Terms of Service for more information.

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What is a Atmosphere and a Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter?

1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 101.325 kPa = 14.696 PSI = 1.01325 bar = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr = 29.92 inHg

Why "Atmosphere"?

The atmosphere unit is uniquely important because:

  • Defined exactly: CIPM (1954) set 1 atm = 101,325 Pa (exact)
  • Sea level reference: Based on average atmospheric pressure (not variable)
  • Universal constant: Used identically worldwide (unlike PSI or bar)
  • Chemistry standard: All chemistry/physics equations reference 1 atm conditions
  • STP baseline: "Standard Temperature and Pressure" = 0°C, 1 atm exactly

1 kgf/cm² = 98,066.5 Pa = 98.0665 kPa = 0.980665 bar = 0.0981 MPa = 14.2233 PSI = 0.9678 atm

Also written as: kg/cm², at (technical atmosphere), kgf/cm2, kg-f/cm²

Physical meaning: Pressure exerted by 1 kilogram-force over 1 square centimeter

Note: The Atmosphere is part of the imperial/US customary system, primarily used in the US, UK, and Canada for everyday measurements. The Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter belongs to the imperial/US customary system.

Common Uses and Applications: atmospheres vs kilograms-force per square centimeter

Explore the typical applications for both Atmosphere (imperial/US) and Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter (imperial/US) to understand their common contexts.

Common Uses for atmospheres

Chemistry: Gas laws (PV=nRT), reaction conditions, vapor pressures, standard conditions (STP).

  • Ideal Gas Law: P V = n R T (pressures typically in atm in chemistry)
  • Gas tables: Vapor pressures often given at 1 atm
  • STP (Standard Temperature & Pressure): Exactly 1 atm, 0°C (sometimes 25°C modern definition)

Diving: Depth pressure calculations (1 atm per 10m/33ft water).

  • Critical for: Decompression sickness risk, nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity
  • Rule of thumb: Every 10 meters adds 1 atm pressure

Physics: Standard reference pressure for equations, thermodynamics.

  • Thermodynamics: Heat capacities typically defined at 1 atm
  • Boiling points: Water boils at 100°C only at 1 atm
  • Phase diagrams: Reference state for matter phase transitions

Engineering: High-pressure systems, pressure vessels, gas storage.

  • Vessel ratings: Designed for X psig over 1 atm ambient
  • Cylinder classifications: Based on working pressure as multiples of atm

When to Use kilograms-force per square centimeter

Older Engineering: Equipment specifications from pre-1980s. Hydraulics: Older hydraulic systems (Europe, Asia). HVAC: Refrigeration pressures (some regions). Asian Industries: Still common in China, India, Japan for some applications.

Additional Unit Information

About Atmosphere (atm)

How many PSI is 1 atmosphere?

1 atm = 14.696 PSI (often rounded to 14.7 PSI)

Examples:

  • 2 atm = 29.4 PSI (10m dive depth)
  • 3 atm = 44.1 PSI (20m dive depth)
  • 10 atm = 147 PSI (compressed air)
  • 100 atm = 1,470 PSI (gas cylinder)

Atmosphere to PSI converter →

How many atmospheres in a bar?

1 bar = 0.986923 atm (approximately 1 atm, ~1.3% difference)

Conversion:

  • 1 atm = 1.01325 bar
  • 10 atm = 10.1325 bar
  • 100 atm = 101.325 bar
  • 200 atm = 202.65 bar (scuba tank)

Why different?: Bar defined as exactly 100,000 Pa; atm defined as 101,325 Pa.

Atmosphere to Bar converter →

What pressure is 2 atmospheres?

2 atm = 202,650 Pa = 202.65 kPa = 29.4 PSI = 2.026 bar = 1,520 mmHg

Physical meaning:

  • Diving 10 meters (33 feet) underwater
  • Absolute pressure at 10m depth
  • Double the surface atmospheric pressure
  • Pressure inside a pressure cooker

How do I calculate diving depth pressure?

Formula: Total Pressure (atm) = 1 + (Depth in meters ÷ 10)

Or: Total Pressure (atm) = 1 + (Depth in feet ÷ 33)

Examples:

  • 10m (33ft): 1 + (10÷10) = 2 atm
  • 20m (66ft): 1 + (20÷10) = 3 atm
  • 30m (99ft): 1 + (30÷10) = 4 atm
  • 40m (131ft): 1 + (40÷10) = 5 atm

Note: Freshwater calculation uses 10.3m; saltwater 10m per atmosphere.

What is STP in chemistry?

STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure):

  • Pressure: 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 100 kPa (IUPAC uses 100 kPa)
  • Temperature: 0°C = 273.15 K

Purpose: Reference conditions for gas law calculations

Molar volume at STP: 22.414 L/mol (IUPAC: 22.711 L/mol at 100 kPa)

SATP (Standard Ambient):

  • Pressure: 1 atm = 101,325 Pa
  • Temperature: 25°C = 298.15 K
  • Molar volume: 24.465 L/mol

More commonly used in modern chemistry.

About Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter (kgf/cm²)

How do I convert kgf/cm² to bar?

Formula: bar = kgf/cm² × 0.980665

Quick approximation: 1 kgf/cm² ≈ 1 bar (2% difference)

Exact examples:

  • 1 kgf/cm² = 0.981 bar
  • 2 kgf/cm² = 1.961 bar
  • 5 kgf/cm² = 4.903 bar
  • 10 kgf/cm² = 9.807 bar
  • 100 kgf/cm² = 98.07 bar

Inverse: 1 bar = 1.0197 kgf/cm²

kgf/cm² to Bar converter →

How do I convert kgf/cm² to PSI?

Formula: PSI = kgf/cm² × 14.2233

Examples:

  • 1 kgf/cm² = 14.22 PSI
  • 2 kgf/cm² = 28.45 PSI
  • 5 kgf/cm² = 71.12 PSI
  • 10 kgf/cm² = 142.23 PSI
  • 100 kgf/cm² = 1,422.33 PSI

Inverse: 1 PSI = 0.0703 kgf/cm²

kgf/cm² to PSI converter →

How do I convert kgf/cm² to kPa or MPa?

Formula: kPa = kgf/cm² × 98.0665

Examples:

  • 1 kgf/cm² = 98.07 kPa = 0.0981 MPa
  • 5 kgf/cm² = 490.3 kPa = 0.490 MPa
  • 10 kgf/cm² = 980.7 kPa = 0.981 MPa
  • 50 kgf/cm² = 4,903 kPa = 4.90 MPa
  • 100 kgf/cm² = 9,807 kPa = 9.81 MPa

Quick rule: Multiply by ~100 to get kPa, divide by ~10 to get MPa

kgf/cm² to kPa converter → kgf/cm² to MPa converter →

What is the difference between kgf/cm² and kg/cm²?

Same unit: kgf/cm² and kg/cm² refer to the same thing

kgf/cm² (kilogram-force per square centimeter):

  • Technically correct notation
  • "kgf" explicitly indicates force, not mass
  • Clearer in scientific context

kg/cm² (kilogram per square centimeter):

  • Shorthand notation
  • Technically incorrect (kg is mass, not force)
  • Commonly used in industry, understood to mean kgf/cm²

In practice: Both notations used interchangeably. Context makes meaning clear.

Why is this unit not used anymore?

SI adoption (1970s-1980s): Most countries transitioned to SI units Ambiguity: "kg" is mass unit, not force (causes confusion) Gravity dependence: kgf assumes standard gravity (9.80665 m/s²) Better alternatives: Bar, kPa, MPa clearer and SI-compliant

Modern replacements:

  • Bar: Easy conversion (1 kgf/cm² ≈ 1 bar)
  • kPa: SI standard for tire pressure
  • MPa: SI standard for high pressures, material strength

Still seen:

  • Older equipment specifications
  • Some Asian manufacturing (China, India, Japan)
  • Historical engineering documents
  • Legacy pressure gauges

Conversion tip: For quick estimates, treat 1 kgf/cm² as approximately 1 bar or 14 PSI.

Conversion Table: Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter

Atmosphere (atm)Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter (kgf/cm²)
0.50.517
11.033
1.51.55
22.067
55.166
1010.332
2525.831
5051.661
100103.323
250258.307
500516.614
1,0001,033.228

People Also Ask

How do I convert Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter?

To convert Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter, enter the value in Atmosphere in the calculator above. The conversion will happen automatically. Use our free online converter for instant and accurate results. You can also visit our pressure converter page to convert between other units in this category.

Learn more →

What is the conversion factor from Atmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter?

The conversion factor depends on the specific relationship between Atmosphere and Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter. You can find the exact conversion formula and factor on this page. Our calculator handles all calculations automatically. See the conversion table above for common values.

Can I convert Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter back to Atmosphere?

Yes! You can easily convert Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter back to Atmosphere by using the swap button (⇌) in the calculator above, or by visiting our Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter to Atmosphere converter page. You can also explore other pressure conversions on our category page.

Learn more →

What are common uses for Atmosphere and Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter?

Atmosphere and Kilogram-force per Square Centimeter are both standard units used in pressure measurements. They are commonly used in various applications including engineering, construction, cooking, and scientific research. Browse our pressure converter for more conversion options.

For more pressure conversion questions, visit our FAQ page or explore our conversion guides.

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All Pressure Conversions

Pascal to KilopascalPascal to MegapascalPascal to HectopascalPascal to BarPascal to MillibarPascal to AtmospherePascal to Technical AtmospherePascal to TorrPascal to Millimeter of MercuryPascal to Inch of MercuryPascal to Pound per Square InchPascal to Kilopound per Square InchPascal to Kilogram-force per Square CentimeterPascal to Kilogram-force per Square MeterPascal to Millimeter of Water ColumnPascal to Inch of Water ColumnKilopascal to PascalKilopascal to MegapascalKilopascal to HectopascalKilopascal to BarKilopascal to MillibarKilopascal to AtmosphereKilopascal to Technical AtmosphereKilopascal to TorrKilopascal to Millimeter of MercuryKilopascal to Inch of MercuryKilopascal to Pound per Square InchKilopascal to Kilopound per Square InchKilopascal to Kilogram-force per Square CentimeterKilopascal to Kilogram-force per Square MeterKilopascal to Millimeter of Water ColumnKilopascal to Inch of Water ColumnMegapascal to PascalMegapascal to KilopascalMegapascal to HectopascalMegapascal to BarMegapascal to MillibarMegapascal to AtmosphereMegapascal to Technical AtmosphereMegapascal to TorrMegapascal to Millimeter of MercuryMegapascal to Inch of MercuryMegapascal to Pound per Square InchMegapascal to Kilopound per Square InchMegapascal to Kilogram-force per Square CentimeterMegapascal to Kilogram-force per Square MeterMegapascal to Millimeter of Water ColumnMegapascal to Inch of Water ColumnHectopascal to PascalHectopascal to KilopascalHectopascal to MegapascalHectopascal to BarHectopascal to MillibarHectopascal to AtmosphereHectopascal to Technical AtmosphereHectopascal to TorrHectopascal to Millimeter of MercuryHectopascal to Inch of MercuryHectopascal to Pound per Square InchHectopascal to Kilopound per Square InchHectopascal to Kilogram-force per Square CentimeterHectopascal to Kilogram-force per Square MeterHectopascal to Millimeter of Water ColumnHectopascal to Inch of Water ColumnBar to PascalBar to KilopascalBar to MegapascalBar to HectopascalBar to MillibarBar to AtmosphereBar to Technical AtmosphereBar to TorrBar to Millimeter of MercuryBar to Inch of MercuryBar to Pound per Square InchBar to Kilopound per Square InchBar to Kilogram-force per Square CentimeterBar to Kilogram-force per Square MeterBar to Millimeter of Water ColumnBar to Inch of Water ColumnMillibar to PascalMillibar to KilopascalMillibar to MegapascalMillibar to HectopascalMillibar to BarMillibar to AtmosphereMillibar to Technical AtmosphereMillibar to TorrMillibar to Millimeter of MercuryMillibar to Inch of MercuryMillibar to Pound per Square InchMillibar to Kilopound per Square InchMillibar to Kilogram-force per Square CentimeterMillibar to Kilogram-force per Square MeterMillibar to Millimeter of Water ColumnMillibar to Inch of Water ColumnAtmosphere to PascalAtmosphere to KilopascalAtmosphere to MegapascalAtmosphere to HectopascalAtmosphere to BarAtmosphere to MillibarAtmosphere to Technical AtmosphereAtmosphere to TorrAtmosphere to Millimeter of MercuryAtmosphere to Inch of MercuryAtmosphere to Pound per Square InchAtmosphere to Kilopound per Square InchAtmosphere to Kilogram-force per Square MeterAtmosphere to Millimeter of Water ColumnAtmosphere to Inch of Water ColumnTechnical Atmosphere to PascalTechnical Atmosphere to KilopascalTechnical Atmosphere to MegapascalTechnical Atmosphere to HectopascalTechnical Atmosphere to BarTechnical Atmosphere to MillibarTechnical Atmosphere to AtmosphereTechnical Atmosphere to TorrTechnical Atmosphere to Millimeter of Mercury

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Verified Against Authority Standards

All conversion formulas have been verified against international standards and authoritative sources to ensure maximum accuracy and reliability.

NIST Reference on Constants, Units and Uncertainty

National Institute of Standards and Technology — Fundamental physical constants and unit conversions

BIPM SI Units

Bureau International des Poids et Mesures — International System of Units (SI) definitions and standards

ISO 80000

International Organization for Standardization — Quantities and units international standards series

Last verified: February 19, 2026