Fluid ounce to Milliliter Converter

The milliliter (symbol: mL or ml) is a unit of volume equal to exactly one-thousandth of a liter (1/1000 L or 0.001 L). Critically, 1 milliliter equals exactly 1 cubic centimeter (1 cm³ or 1 cc).

The milliliter is part of the International System of Units (SI) and uses the metric prefix "milli-" meaning one-thousandth (from Latin mille, "thousand").

Mathematical Relationships

1 milliliter equals:

• 0.001 liters (L)
• 1 cubic centimeter (cm³ or cc) exactly
• 0.000001 cubic meters (m³)
• 0.033814 US fluid ounces (fl oz)
• 0.035195 UK fluid ounces (imperial)
• 0.202884 teaspoons (tsp)
• 0.067628 tablespoons (tbsp)

Key water relationship:

• 1 mL of water weighs 1 gram (at 4°C, maximum density)

This elegant relationship makes metric conversions trivial for water-based solutions.

Milliliter = Cubic Centimeter (cc)

Perfect equivalence: 1 mL = 1 cm³ = 1 cc (all three are identical)

Why this matters:

• Medical syringes often marked in "cc" (cubic centimeters) = milliliters
• Engine displacement: "2000 cc engine" = 2000 mL = 2.0 L
• Laboratory glassware uses both mL and cm³ interchangeably
• A cube with 1 cm sides (1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm) holds exactly 1 mL

Symbol variations:

• mL (preferred in scientific publishing—avoids confusion with number "1")
• ml (common in everyday use)
• cc (common in medical and automotive contexts)

Why Milliliters?

While the liter is the base metric unit for volume, milliliters are more practical for everyday measurements:

Perfect human scale: Most cooking ingredients, medications, and beverage servings fall into the 5-500 mL range, avoiding decimals.

Avoids decimal confusion: "250 milliliters of milk" is clearer than "0.25 liters of milk" for most people.

Universal adoption: Used in 195+ countries for recipes, medicine, beverages, and laboratory work.

French Revolution: Birth of the Liter (1795)

Metric System Creation: The milliliter's story begins with the French Revolution's creation of the liter in 1795.

Water-Based Definition: One liter was originally defined as the volume occupied by one kilogram of pure water at maximum density (approximately 4°C or 39°F).

Elegant Interconnection:

• 1 liter of water = 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams
• 1 milliliter of water = 1 gram
• 1 milliliter = 1 cubic centimeter

This made the metric system beautifully self-consistent—volume, mass, and spatial dimensions all linked through water.

Etymology: The word "liter" comes from the obsolete French unit "litron," which was derived from Medieval Latin "litra" (a unit of mass).

The Medieval Litron: A Pre-Metric Precursor

Before the French Revolution standardized the liter, the "litron" was a measure for grain and salt.

• The Royal Litron: In the 17th century, the litron was roughly equivalent to 0.81 liters. However, because it was often measured using wooden boxes that could warp with humidity, the volume of a litron changed with the seasons.
• The Tax Man's Litron: French peasants often had to pay their taxes in litrons of grain. This created a massive incentive for the crown to "expand" the litron while the peasants tried to "shrink" it, a measurement war that only ended with the precision of the metric milliliter.

The Milliliter in 19th Century Pharmacy

As "Apothecary" shops evolved into modern pharmacies, the "Drop" became a liability.

• The Graduated Minim: Pharmacists used a 1-minim dropper, which was supposed to be 1/60th of a fluid dram. However, because the viscosity of oils versus tinctures resulted in different drop sizes, pharmacists pushed for the adoption of the milliliter as the only legally defensible unit for liquid drugs.

The Prefix "Milli-"

Latin Origin: "Milli-" comes from the Latin "mille" meaning "thousand."

Meaning: Milli- means one-thousandth (1/1000 or 0.001).

Other milli- units:

• Millimeter: 1/1000 meter
• Milligram: 1/1000 gram
• Millisecond: 1/1000 second
• Milliliter: 1/1000 liter

19th Century: Global Spread

1875: Metre Convention: The Treaty of the Metre established international cooperation on measurement standards. The liter (and milliliter) became recognized internationally.

Scientific Adoption: Laboratories worldwide embraced milliliters for precise liquid measurements, replacing inconsistent local units.

Medical Use: By the late 1800s, medicine had standardized on milliliters (or cubic centimeters/cc) for drug dosages and liquid medicines.

1901: Redefinition

Precision Refinement: In 1901, the liter was redefined as the volume of 1 kg of pure water at maximum density under standard atmospheric pressure. This made the liter slightly larger than 1 cubic decimeter (by about 28 parts per million).

1964: Modern Definition

CIPM Decision: The International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) redefined the liter as exactly one cubic decimeter (1 dm³).

Impact on milliliters: 1 milliliter = exactly 1 cubic centimeter (1 cm³), eliminating any tiny discrepancy.

Current definition: The milliliter is now purely geometric—the volume of a cube with 1 cm sides—rather than water-based.

Medicine and Pharmacology

Prescription Medications: Liquid medications measured in milliliters:

• Antibiotics: "Take 10 mL twice daily"
• Cough syrup: "Take 15 mL every 4-6 hours"
• Pain relievers: "Give 5 mL per dose for children"

Dosing Precision: Milliliters allow accurate dosing:

• Pediatric doses often require precision to 0.5 mL
• Adult doses typically 5-30 mL range
• Measuring spoons or syringes marked in mL

IV Fluids: Hospital IV bags measured in mL:

• Saline drip: 1,000 mL bag, infused over hours
• Medication delivery: 50-250 mL piggyback bags
• Fluid intake/output: tracked in mL for patient monitoring

Cooking Worldwide

Global Recipe Standard: Most countries use milliliters for liquid ingredients:

• "Add 250 mL milk"
• "Mix in 30 mL soy sauce"
• "Drizzle with 45 mL olive oil"

Kitchen Measuring Tools:

• Liquid measuring cups: marked in mL (and fluid ounces in US)
• Measuring spoons: 1.25 mL, 2.5 mL, 5 mL, 15 mL
• Kitchen scale with liquid mode: measures mL for water-based liquids

Precision Baking: Professional bakers prefer milliliters for consistency:

• Eliminates meniscus reading errors
• Repeatable results
• Easy scaling (double recipe = double all mL measurements)

Beverage Industry

Product Labeling: Beverages worldwide labeled in milliliters:

• "Contents: 355 mL (12 fl oz)"
• "Serving size: 250 mL"
• "Servings per container: 4 (1,000 mL bottle)"

Alcohol Content: "Standard drink" defined in mL in many countries:

• Australia: 10 mL pure alcohol = 1 standard drink
• UK: 8 mL (10g) pure alcohol = 1 unit
• US: 14 mL (17.7g) pure alcohol = 1 standard drink

Bartending: Cocktail recipes use milliliters:

• Jigger: 30 mL (1 oz) or 45 mL (1.5 oz)
• Recipes: "45 mL vodka, 15 mL lime juice, 10 mL simple syrup"

Laboratory Science

Chemistry: Milliliters essential for chemical reactions:

• Titrations: measuring acid/base volumes to 0.1 mL
• Solution preparation: "Dissolve in 500 mL solvent"
• Concentration: moles per liter (mol/L or M)

Biology: Cell culture and biological assays:

• Cell culture media: 10-50 mL per flask
• PCR reactions: measured in microliters (µL), 1 µL = 0.001 mL
• Biological samples: typically 0.5-5 mL volumes

Physics: Density measurements use mL:

• Density = mass (grams) ÷ volume (milliliters) = g/mL
• Water: 1 g/mL at 4°C
• Alcohol: 0.79 g/mL
• Mercury: 13.6 g/mL

Cosmetics and Personal Care

Product Packaging: Cosmetics labeled in milliliters:

• Perfume: 30 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL bottles
• Foundation: 30-50 mL bottles
• Shampoo: 250 mL, 500 mL, 1,000 mL bottles
• Travel sizes: typically 100 mL or less (TSA limit)